Nonpeptide renin inhibitors employing a novel 3-aza (or oxa)-2,4-dialkyl glutaric acid moiety as a P2/P3 amide bond replacement
摘要:
A new series of renin inhibitors has been developed. The inhibitors feature a novel replacement for the P2/P3 dipeptide moiety normally associated with renin inhibitors. The dipeptide replacement was a (2S,4S)-3-aza(or oxa)-2,4-di-alkylglutaric acid amide. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies determined that optimum potency was achieved when inhibitors employed a benzyl and butyl group at the C(4) and C(2) carbon position, respectively. In addition, maximum in vitro potency was obtained when the N-terminus was functionalized by incorporating a 4-(1,3-dioxabutyl)piperidine amide. SAR data suggested that the 1,3-dioxabutyl group (methoxymethyl ether) interacted by hydrogen bonding to groups in the S4 domain of renin. This hypothesis was strengthened when a 4-butylpiperidine amide was substituted and inhibitor potency decreased dramatically. Inhibitors employing this novel dipeptide mimic were prepared by coupling the glutaric acid amides with either the transition-state mimic (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (18) or the hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere. The glutaric acid amides were prepared by two general procedures. The first procedure involved the reductive amination of alpha-amino acid esters with alpha-keto esters. The second procedure involved the displacement reaction of alpha-bromo esters or acids with alpha-amino acid amides.
A Compact Chemical Miniature of a Holoenzyme, Coenzyme NADH Linked Dehydrogenase. Design and Synthesis of Bridged NADH Models and Their Highly Enantioselective Reduction<sup>1</sup>
作者:Nobuhiro Kanomata、Tadashi Nakata
DOI:10.1021/ja992990y
日期:2000.5.1
pyridine-formation reaction of formyl-substituted (vinylimino)phosphorane 4 with methyl propiolate. The bridged NADH models 10a−c effected excellent biomimetic reduction at various temperatures in the presence of magnesium ion to achieve both the enantioselective and stereospecific reduction of the pyruvate analogues 12u−z into chiral lactate analogues 13u−z with 88−99% ee. The high enantioselectivity was almost
A renin inhibiting compound of the formula:
wherein A is a substituent; R1 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, substituted loweralkyl or loweralkenyl; X is CH2, CHOH, C(O), O, S, S(O), S02, NH, N(O) or -P(O)O-; R3 is loweralkyl, loweralkenyl or substituted loweralkyl; and T is mimic of the Leu-Val cleavage site of angiotensinogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof.
The present invention is directed to a method for purifying pyruvic acid compounds, which method comprises reacting a pyruvic acid compound of general formula (I):
wherein R1 is an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and R2 is a lower alkyl group, with a bisulfite of general formula (II):
MHSO3 (II)
wherein M is NH4 or an alkali metal, to give a bisulfite adduct of the pyruvic acid compound and then decomposing the adduct with an acid. According to the present invention, pyruvic acid compounds can be purified by simple and easy procedures without using purification techniques such as distillation or column chromatography, and the above method is advantageous as a process for the production on an industrial scale.
本发明涉及一种纯化丙酮酸化合物的方法,该方法包括使通式(I)的丙酮酸化合物反应:
其中 R1 是任选取代的低级烷基、低级烯基、低级炔基、环烷基、芳基或杂环基,R2 是低级烷基,与通式(II)的亚硫酸氢盐反应:
MHSO3 (II)
其中 M 为 NH4 或碱金属,以得到丙酮酸化合物的亚硫酸氢盐加合物,然后用酸分解该加合物。根据本发明,丙酮酸化合物可以通过简单易行的程序进行纯化,而无需使用蒸馏或柱层析等纯化技术,上述方法作为一种工业规模的生产工艺是非常有利的。