Reaction of diethyl phosphorochloridite with enolates: a general method for synthesis of .beta.-keto phosphonates and .alpha.-phosphono esters through carbon-phosphorus bond formation
摘要:
The reaction of ketone enolates with diethyl phosphorochloridite, followed by air oxidation of the immediate reaction products, has proven to be a general and convenient method for preparation of beta-keto phosphonates. Fourteen beta-keto phosphonates have been prepared by this method, in an average yield greater than 60%. This procedure also appears to be applicable to preparation of both alpha-phosphono aldehydes and alpha-phosphono esters. Although special precautions may be necessary to avoid aldol condensation during formation of aldehyde enolates, in two cases it was shown that the resulting enolates react readily with diethyl chlorophosphite. Finally, a set of five ethyl esters was converted to alpha-phosphono esters by this method. Yields of the alpha-phosphono esters are influenced by steric hindrance at the enolate carbon, but the average yield for this series was ca. 70%. Because this synthetic method relies upon an electrophilic phosphorus reagent for formation of the C-P bond, it is complementary to the traditional Arbuzov synthesis. On the basis of the 21 examples presented here, it appears to be more widely applicable.
synthetically useful approach to functionalized triazoles is described via the reaction of β-carbonyl phosphonates and azides. 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted and 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles can be regio- and chemoselectively accessed under mild conditions in good to excellent yields (31 examples, up to 99%). A mechanism is proposed that rationalizes the avoidance of the 4-phosphonate byproducts, which
Ring Expansion Reactions of Cyclic .beta.-Keto Phosphonates
作者:Suzanne M. Ruder、Vithalanand R. Kulkarni
DOI:10.1021/jo00115a024
日期:1995.5
Phosphonate stabilized anions derived from a variety of cyclic beta-keto phosphonates were shown to react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford [n + 2] ring expansion products. Highly substituted medium sized rings containing phosphonate functionality were thus obtained in reasonable yields. The reaction was found to proceed via a tandem Michael-aldol-fragmentation mechanism to give the ring enlarged products. An alternate competing pathway involving an ''abnormal Michael'' reaction was also shown to exist, resulting in a net 1,3-phosphorus migration, without ring expansion. Furthermore, the electronic and steric character of the carbonyl moiety of the cyclic beta-keto phosphonates were shown to be very crucial in determining the course of the reaction.
Preparation of spirocyclic cyclopropyl ketones through condensation of epoxides with .beta.-keto phosphonates
作者:Thomas E. Jacks、Heidi Nibbe、David F. Wiemer
DOI:10.1021/jo00069a018
日期:1993.8
The beta-keto phosphonate derivatives of several cyclic ketones have been shown to undergo condensation with epoxides upon treatment with base, affording spirocyclic cyclopropyl ketones. Moderate to reasonable yields were obtained under sealed tube conditions with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and styrene oxide, and the substituted epoxides gave a single diastereomer in each case. The process can be viewed as an example of regiospecific geminal dialkylation, and cleavage of the cyclopropyl ring allows access to additional alpha,alpha-dialkylated ketones.