Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination of Copper Carbene Complexes: Preparative Advances and a Mechanistic Rationale
作者:Michael Buchsteiner、Luis Martinez‐Rodriguez、Paul Jerabek、Iago Pozo、Michael Patzer、Nils Nöthling、Christian W. Lehmann、Alois Fürstner
DOI:10.1002/chem.202000081
日期:2020.2.21
Cu-catalyzed reaction of substituted α-diazoesters with fluoride gives α-fluoroesters with ee values of up to 95 %, provided that chiralindane-derivedbis(oxazoline) ligands are used that carry bulky benzyl substituents at the bridge and moderately bulky isopropyl groups on their core. The apparently homogeneous solution of CsF in C6 F6 /hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is the best reaction medium, but
取代的 α-重氮酯与氟化物的铜催化反应可产生 ee 值高达 95% 的 α-氟酯,前提是使用手性茚满衍生的双(恶唑啉)配体,该配体在桥上带有大的苄基取代基和中等大的异丙基以团体为核心。CsF 在 C6 F6 /六氟异丙醇 (HFIP) 中的明显均匀溶液是最好的反应介质,但在两相混合物 CH2 Cl2 /HFIP 中的 CsF 也能提供良好的结果。DFT 研究表明,氟化物首先攻击瞬时供体/受体卡宾中间体的 Cu 原子,而不是 C 原子。这个不寻常的步骤之后是 1,2-氟化物位移;为了发生这种迁移插入,卡宾必须绕 Cu-C 键旋转以确保轨道重叠。C2 对称结合位点内的这种旋转运动的方向性决定了感应的感觉。该模型与使用通过毛细管结晶生长的这种先验蜡状材料的单晶通过 X 射线衍射测定的所得产物的绝对构型非常一致。
Compounds of the formula I:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds and using the compounds for treatment of diseases associated with the P2X7 purinergic receptor.