Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Irreversible Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitors. 8. Pharmacological Optimization of Orally Bioavailable 2-Pyridone-Containing Peptidomimetics
摘要:
The optimization of the pharmacokinetic performance of various 2-pyridone-containing human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) inhibitors following oral administration to either beagle dogs or CM-monkeys is described. The molecules described in this work are composed of a 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetic binding determinant and an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester Michael acceptor moiety which forms an irreversible covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue of the 3C enzyme. Modification of the ester contained within these compounds is detailed along with alteration of the P-2 substituent present in the peptidomimetic portion of the inhibitors. The pharmacokinetics of several inhibitors in both dogs and monkeys are described (7 h plasma concentrations after oral administration) along with their human plasma stabilities, stabilities in incubations with human, dog, and monkey microsomes and hepatocytes, Caco-2 permeabilities, and aqueous solubilities. Compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated ethyl ester fragment and either an ethyl or propargyl. P-2 moiety displayed the most promising combination of 3C enzyme inhibition (k(obs)/[1] 170 000-223 000 M-1 s(-1)), antiviral activity (EC50 = 0.047-0.058 muM, mean vs seven HRV serotypes), and pharmacokinetics following oral administration (7 h dog plasma levels = 0.248-0.682 muM; 7 h CM-monkey plasma levels = 0.057-0.896 muM).
Hypervalent iodine(<scp>iii</scp>) induced oxidative olefination of benzylamines using Wittig reagents
作者:Vijayalakshmi Ramavath、Bapurao D. Rupanawar、Satish G. More、Ajay H. Bansode、Gurunath Suryavanshi
DOI:10.1039/d1nj01170g
日期:——
and secondary benzylamines using 2C-Wittig reagents, which provides easyaccess to α,β-unsaturated esters. Mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields with high (E) selectivity, and a broad substrate scope are the key features of this reaction. We have successfully carried out the gram-scale synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters.
enables the expedient construction of a host of β-fluoroalkyl-containing cinnamate derivatives. The reaction proceeds through visible-light-promoted gold redox catalysis, occurs smoothly under very mild reaction conditions, accommodates a large variety of functional groups, and more importantly allows the incorporation of fluorine and aryl groups with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The concomitant
The photolysis of substituted o-divinylbenzenes promotes a one-step and metal-free conversion to oxatricycles at room temperature. Irradiation o-divinylbenzenes results in an pericyclic reaction to form cyclic o-quinodiemthane intermediates, which subsequently undergo intramolecular oxa-[4+2] cycloaddition to form oxacyclic derivatives.
NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulations of allenoates and 2,3-dioxopyrrolidine derivatives
作者:Xue Song、Yangxu Chen、Fangfang Lu、Kai Zhang、Chenxia Yu、Tuanjie Li、Changsheng Yao
DOI:10.1039/d1ob02180j
日期:——
A facile NHC-catalyzed [2 + 4] annulation of allenoates with 2,3-dioxypyrrolidine derivatives was discovered, which paved a new avenue for the construction of highly substituted pyranopyrrole with moderate to good yields, high atom economy and mild reaction conditions.
The double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of allenoates with nitrilimines has been achieved under mild reaction conditions, affording a variety of spirobidihydropyrazoles in moderate to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. The reaction diastereoselectively constructs double dihydropyrazole moieties and two chiral centers including a spiro carbon center.