Use of hydrolases for the synthesis of cyclic amino acids
作者:Richard C Lloyd、Michael C Lloyd、Mark E.B Smith、Karen E Holt、Jonathan P Swift、Philip A Keene、Stephen J.C Taylor、Raymond McCague
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.116
日期:2004.1
The synthesis of several cyclic amino acids that have all the necessary structural features to make them ideal scaffolds for use in medicinal chemistry is described. A key step in each synthesis is the use of hydrolase enzymes to define a chiral centre. In order to elaborate these building blocks into more complex molecules, crystallization and asymmetric hydrogenation were used to define further stereocentres
wide class of natural products. Recent clarifications of the biosynthetic routes for such functional groups shed light onto overlooked biosynthetic genes distributed across the bacterial kingdom, highlighting the presence of yet-to-be identified natural products with peculiar functional groups. Here, the genome-mining approach targeting a unique hydrazine-forming gene led to the discovery of actinopyridazinones
含氮-氮键的官能团很少见,但它们存在于相当广泛的天然产物中。最近对此类官能团的生物合成路线的澄清揭示了分布在整个细菌界中被忽视的生物合成基因,突出了尚未鉴定的具有特殊官能团的天然产物的存在。在这里,针对独特的肼形成基因的基因组挖掘方法导致了放线菌哒嗪酮 A ( 1 ) 和 B ( 2 ) 的发现),第一个具有二氢哒嗪酮环的天然产物。Actinopyridazinone A 的结构是通过全合成明确建立的。生物合成研究揭示了源自该 N-N 键形成酶家族的天然肼的结构多样性。
Kinetic resolution of unnatural and rarely occurring amino acids: enantioselective hydrolysis of N-acyl amino acids catalyzed by acylase I
作者:H. Keith Chenault、Juergen Dahmer、George M. Whitesides
DOI:10.1021/ja00198a055
日期:1989.8
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Four Diastereoisomers of 4-Hydroxypipecolic Acid from <i>N</i>-Acetyl-(<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>)-allylglycine: Chiral Scaffolds for Drug Discovery
作者:Richard C. Lloyd、Mark E. B. Smith、Dean Brick、Stephen J. C. Taylor、David A. Chaplin、Raymond McCague
DOI:10.1021/op020017x
日期:2002.11.1
All four diastereoisomers of 4-hydroxypipecolic acid were prepared in a form conveniently protected for drug discovery applications with the use of industrially scaleable methodology. Resolution of the racemic starting material using proprietary acylases followed by an acyliminium ion cyclisation gave diastereomeric mixtures of 4-formyloxypipecolic acid, which were differentiated using an enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis. The products were separated, by partition, and by following a sequence of straightforward chemical steps, the individual stereoisomers of the protected 4-hydroxypipecolates were crystallized to optical purity in 100 g quantities.
Black; Wright, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1955, vol. 213, p. 39,40