The benzonitrile unit is widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Synthesis of benzonitriles has received considerable interests from the chemical community over the last few decades. Present synthetic protocols mainly rely on the pre-existing benzene core to install a cyano moiety. A new NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2]-benzannulation protocol is reported to assemble the benzonitrile
5-Substituted 2-aminothiophenes as A1 adenosine receptor allosteric enhancers
作者:Luigi Aurelio、Heidi Figler、Bernard L. Flynn、Joel Linden、Peter J. Scammells
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.065
日期:2008.2.1
Two series of 5-substituted 2-amino-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophenes were prepared and evaluated as allosteric enhancers at the A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR). In the 3-benzoyl series, a 5-phenyl group was found to confer the greatest potency (9a: ED50 = 2.1 mu M, AE score = 18%). However, the analogue with no 5-substituent (6b: ED50 = 15.8 mu M, AE score = 77%) proved to be the most efficacious. In the 3-ethoxycarbonyl series, the 5-(4-chlorophenyl) analogue was clearly the most potent and efficacious (91: ED50 = 6.6 mu M, AE score = 57%). The antagonist activity of all compounds was measured using a [H-3]CPX competitive binding assay. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Allosteric Modulators of the Adenosine A<sub>1</sub> Receptor: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 4-Substituted 2-Amino-3-benzoylthiophenes
作者:Luigi Aurelio、Celine Valant、Bernard L. Flynn、Patrick M. Sexton、Arthur Christopoulos、Peter J. Scammells
DOI:10.1021/jm9002582
日期:2009.7.23
A series of 4-substituted 2-amino-3-benzoylthiophenes was screened using a functional assay of A A(1)AR-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in intact CHO cells to identify both potential agonistic effects as well the ability to allosterically modulate the activity of the orthosteric agonist, R-PIA. More detailed concentration-response experiments were subsequently performed on two compounds (9a and 9o) utilizing both the ERK 1/2 assay as well as a second assay of [S-35]GTP gamma S binding to activated G proteins.