This invention relates to ionic liquid (ILs) solvents for chemical synthesis based on an alkyl - imidazolium cation core containing ionic liquids which have enhanced biodegradability and reduced toxicity relative to existing imidazolium bases ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmmim) salts. Many of the described ILs produce a score of over 60% biodegradability over 28 days in a biodegradability test such as the Sturm Test, the Closed Bottle Test (OECD 301D) or the CO2 Headspace Test (ISO 14593). The ILs of the invention comprise an alkyl substituted imidazolium cationic core having a -C=OX- side chain in the 3-position of the imidazole ring, wherein X = O, NH, N or S and an associated counteranion characterized in that the -C=OX side chain comprises at least one ether linkage. The biodegradable and non-toxic IL may be used as green solvents for the chemical, pharmaceutical, biofuel and biomass industries. The ILs of the invention are particularly useful in hydrogenation, pericyclic and metathesis reactions.
这项发明涉及一种基于含有烷基-
咪唑啉阳离子核心的
离子液体溶剂,用于
化学合成,这些
离子液体相对于现有如1-丁基-3-甲基
咪唑啉(bmmim)盐类的
咪唑啉基
离子液体,具有增强的
生物降解性和降低的毒性。所描述的许多
离子液体在
生物降解性测试中,例如Sturm测试、封闭瓶测试(O
ECD 301D)或
CO2顶空测试(ISO 14593)中,28天内
生物降解率超过60%。本发明的
离子液体包括一个在
咪唑啉环的3位上带有-C=OX-侧链的烷基取代
咪唑啉阳离子核心,其中X=O,NH,N或S,以及一个相关的反离子,其特征在于-C=OX侧链至少包含一个醚键。这些
生物降解且无毒的
离子液体可作为
化学、制药、
生物燃料和
生物质工业的绿色溶剂。特别是,本发明的
离子液体在氢化、周环和复分解反应中非常有用。