Synthesis of Arylglycine and Mandelic Acid Derivatives through Carboxylations of α-Amido and α-Acetoxy Stannanes with Carbon Dioxide
摘要:
Incorporation reactions of carbon dioxide (CO2) with N-Boc-alpha\-amido and a-acetoxy stannanes were developed using CsF as a mild tin activator. Monoprotected alpha-amido stannanes could be used, and the corresponding arylglycine derivatives were obtained in moderate-to-high yields under 1 MPa (10 atm) of CO2 pressure. alpha-Acetoxy stannanes also underwent carboxylation to afford mandelic acid derivatives in excellent yields under ambient CO2 pressure. Both transformations enabled the synthesis of alpha-tertiary and alpha-quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives. In addition, the chirality of (S)-N-tert-butylsulfonyl-alpha-amido stannanes was transferred with up to 90% inversion of configuration at 100 degrees C.
A catalytically asymmetric synthesis of α-(hydroxyalkyl)-tri-n-butylstannanes 1 in good-excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% e.e.) via addition of ethyl(tri-n-butylstannyl)zinc to aldehydes was achieved. In practice, 1 was isolated after protection as its more stable ester or thiocarbamate (PG). The reagent was prepared from equimolar amounts of tri-n-butylstannyl hydride and Et2Zn in DME so as to avoid contamination by lithium and magnesium ions which suppress enantioselectivity.