Highly Stereo- and Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Diynes with Carbon Dioxide
作者:Tao Cao、Shengming Ma
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00028
日期:2016.4.1
A nickel-catalyzed three-component hydrocarboxylation of diynes with ZnEt2 and CO2 (1 atm) is disclosed. With this method, symmetric/nonsymmetric diynes could be reacted smoothly with very high stereo- and regioselectivity, affording conjugated 2,4-alkadienoic acids incorporated with five- or six-membered rings efficiently. A stepwise non-oxidative cyclometalation mechanism was proposed based on careful
A general and efficient synthesis of (20S)-camptothecin (1a) is reported. A key common intermediate containing the pyridone and lactone (DE) rings of camptothecin and most derivatives was constructed from 2-trimethylsilyl-6-methoxypyridine by a series of metalation reactions and a Heck cyclization to provide an achiral bicyclic enol ether. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation followed by lactol oxidation and iododesilylation produced the key intermediate in 94% enantiomeric excess. Alkylation with propargyl bromide and a cascade radical reaction with phenyl isonitrile then produced 1a. About 20 other penta- and hexacyclic analogues of camptothecin with differing single or multiple substituents at C7, C9, C10, C11, and/or C12 were made by changing the propargylating agent and the isonitrile. Included among these are several drug candidates and the approved drugs topotecan and irinotecan. The synthesis of the prodrug irinotecan is direct one that does not pass through the active metabolite. The use of ortho-trimethylsilyl-substituted isonitriles allows the regioselective synthesis of camptothecin analogues in cases where isomeric mixtures are formed from the parent isonitriles. The synthesis of the derivatives relies on the broad scope and functional group tolerance of the key cascade radical reaction.
Selective N-functionalization of 6-substituted-2-pyridones
作者:Hui Liu、Sung-Bo Ko、Hubert Josien、Dennis P. Curran
DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01917-7
日期:1995.12
6-Substituted-2-pyridones can be selectively N-alkylated by treatment with NaH/LiBr in a mixture of DMF and DME. Yields of N-propargylated, N-allylated, and other N-functionalized products are good, and only small amounts of the isomeric O-alkylated product (<10%) are typically formed.