The selectiveoxidation of alcohol-d1 to prepare aldehyde-d1 was newly developed by means of NaBD4 reduction/activated MnO2 oxidation. Various aldehyde-d1 derivatives including aromatic and unsaturated aldehyde-d1 can be prepared with a high deuterium incorporation ratio (up to 98% D). Halogens (chloride, bromide, and iodide), alkene, alkyne, ester, nitro, and cyano groups in the substrates are tolerated
Photocatalytic Carbinol Cation/Anion Umpolung: Direct Addition of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones to Carbon Dioxide
作者:Shintaro Okumura、Yasuhiro Uozumi
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02592
日期:2021.9.17
We have developed a new photocatalytic umpolung reaction of carbonyl compounds to generate anionic carbinol synthons. Aromaticaldehydes or ketones reacted with carbon dioxide in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole (DMBI) as a reductant under visible-light irradiation to furnish the corresponding α-hydroxycarboxylic acids through nucleophilic
A first photocatalytic cross-pinacol coupling was achieved. The reaction proceeded with a various combination of two aldehydes, two ketones, or an aldehyde and a ketone to afford the corresponding unsymmetric vicinal 1,2-diols in up to 91 % yield. In this process, an umpoled anionic carbinol synthon was generated in situ, by the assistance of CO2 additive, to react nucleophilically with a second electrophilic
首次实现了光催化交叉频哪醇偶联。该反应以两种醛、两种酮或醛和酮的各种组合进行,以高达 91% 的产率提供相应的不对称邻位 1,2-二醇。在此过程中,在 CO 2添加剂的帮助下,原位生成了反极性的阴离子甲醇合成子,与第二个亲电子羰基化合物发生亲核反应。二氧化碳促进的光催化交叉频哪醇偶联(S. Okumura、Y. Uozumi 等)等)
Umpolung of a Hydrogen Atom of Water by Using a Hexacoordinated Phosphate and Its Application to Deuteride Reduction Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
作者:Hideaki Miyake、Naokazu Kano、Takayuki Kawashima
DOI:10.1021/ja906875d
日期:2009.11.25
The polarity of a chemical bond is an important factor that determines the reactivity because a reaction of a positively charged atom with a negatively charged atom easily occurs. We report here a method for reversing the polarity of a hydrogen atom of water, which meant conversion of a protic hydrogen (H(delta+)) to a hydridic hydrogen (H(delta-)), by using a hexacoordinated phosphorus species. The method enables a reductive deuteration of carbonyl compounds utilizing inexpensive and easily usable D2O under mild conditions. The umpolung of a hydrogen atom was achieved by utilizing tautomerization of phosphorus compounds. Classical metal hydrides never have this function, and these results demonstrated the potential utility of nonmetallic compounds for umpolung of a hydrogen atom.
Isolation of a Metastable Geometrical Isomer of a Hexacoordinated Dihydrophosphate: Elucidation of Its Enhanced Reactivity in Umpolung of a Hydrogen Atom of Water
作者:Hideaki Miyake、Naokazu Kano、Takayuki Kawashima
DOI:10.1021/ic2012765
日期:2011.9.19
Two of five conceivable geometrical isomers of a hexacoordinated dihydrophosphate bearing two sets of a bidentate ligand were investigated. X-ray crystallographic analysis of both of isomers, 1a-TPP and 1b-TEA, revealed their octahedral geometries of C-2 and C-1 symmetry, respectively, which were consistent with the NMR spectra. The isomer 1b-TEA underwent both hydride reduction of an aldehyde and proton exchange with water at room temperature in DMSO without any additive. A one-pot reaction of both of the reactions of 1b-TEA with D2O and an aldehyde or a ketone under the above conditions proceeded successfully to give the deuterated alcohol. Thus, umpolung of a hydrogen atom of water with 1b-TEA was achieved under much milder conditions than those used in the reaction with another isomer, la-TEA. Quantitative isomerization of 1b-TEA to la-TEA occurred in methanol at room temperature. Calculations on the five conceivable geometrical isomers of the anionic part of the dihydrophosphate revealed their relative stability, which reasonably explained the isomerization, and the larger negative charge at the atoms located at the trans positions of the oxygen atoms. The smaller coupling constants of the P H and P C bonds located at the rear of an oxygen atom in the NMR spectra resulted in the smaller s character of these bonds. The differences in both hydride-donation and proton-exchange reactivities between la-TEA and 1b-TEA could be explained by the differences in the atomic charge of the hydrogen atom and the stability difference of the initially formed phosphorane intermediates, respectively.