Molecular iodine: An efficient and environment-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of calix[4]resorcinarenes
作者:Fatemeh Darvish、Shima Khazraee
DOI:10.1016/j.crci.2013.10.017
日期:2014.9
Abstract Iodine catalyzes the cyclocondensation of various aldehydes with resorcinol to give tetrameric cyclic products, resorcinarenes. Through the reaction of resorcinol with aromatic aldehydes, the product is obtained as a mixture of two isomers, the all- cis isomer (rccc) and the cis - trans - trans isomer (rctt), whereas a single diastereomer, the all- cis , is formed with aliphaticaldehydes. Besides
In this work, for the first time, metal hydrogen phosphates and sulfates have been studied as effective solid acid catalysts for the condensation of resorcinol with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to give tetrameric cyclic products, resorcinarenes, which have major roles in biological and industrial activities. This catalyst has several advantages, it is non-toxic, thermally and mechanically stable, inexpensive and highly resistant against organic solvents. It increases the reaction rate about six fold and makes this method an attractive alternative to the existing methods for resorcinarene formation. Interestingly, the present catalyst exhibited a high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) which were even comparable with that of HCl.[GRAPHICS].