A Novel One-Step Conversion of α,β-Epoxy Ketones to o-Dichlorobenzaldehydes by the Vilsmeier Reaction
摘要:
A novel, versatile one-step synthesis of o-dichlorobenzaldehydes has been developed. Acyclic alpha,beta-epoxy ketones undergo the Vilsmeier reaction to afford o-dichlorobenzenemono- and dicarboxaldehydes whereas cyclic alpha,beta-epoxy ketones gave o-dichlorobenzenecarboxaldehydes and chlorobenzenedicarboxaldehydes.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls substituierter Zimtsäure in Gegenwart eines Katalysators
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0178524A1
公开(公告)日:1986-04-23
Gegebenenfalls substituierte Zimtsäure wird in Gegenwart eines Katalysators aus dem entsprechenden Benzaldehyd und Keten hergestellt. Es werden Katalysatoren aus der Gruppe der Eisen- und/oder Zinksalze von Mono- oder Dicarbonsäuren mit 2 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen eingesetzt, die Anteile an den entsprechenden freien Carbonsäuren und/oder deren Anhydriden enthalten.
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is known to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway in humans. It converts glycolysis-derived 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphopyruvate in a co-factor-dependent oxidation reaction. Herein, we report the discovery of BI-4916, a prodrug of the co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD(+))-competitive PHGDH inhibitor BI-4924, which has shown high selectivity against the majority of other dehydrogenase targets. Starting with a fragment-based screening, a subsequent hit optimization using structure-based drug design was conducted to deliver a single-digit nanomolar lead series and to improve potency by 6 orders of magnitude. To this end, an intracellular ester cleavage mechanism of the ester prodrug was utilized to achieve intracellular enrichment of the actual carboxylic acid based drug and thus overcome high cytosolic levels of the competitive cofactors NADH/NAD(+).
SUBSTITUTED MONO- AND POLYAZANAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE