7,7′-Dihydroxy-8,8′-biquinolyl and 2,2′-di-tert-butyl-7,7′-dihydroxy-8,8′-biquinolyl were O,O′-dialkylated with MeI or dihaloalkanes [X(CH2)nX′, n = 1, 3-6]. The resulting diethers were characterized by UV spectroscopy and (wherever possible) single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Biquinolyl basicity was found to positively correlate with interannular dihedral angle (IDA). Two pK a points could be located for all biquinolyl diethers with IDA above ca. 65Ë (pK a1 2.3-2.7; pK a2 4.5-5.3 in aq MeOH). By contrast, methylene diethers (IDA ≤ 60Ë) were only very weakly basic (pK a 2.7-3.1) and could not be doubly protonated. Lone-pair/lone-pair proximity effects are invoked to account for the observations.
7,7'-二羟基-8,8'-双
喹啉和2,2'-二叔丁基-7,7'-二羟基-8,8'-双
喹啉通过甲基
碘或二卤代烷[X(
CH2)nX',n = 1, 3-6]进行O,O'-二烷基化。所得的
二醚通过紫外光谱分析和(在可能的情况下)单晶X射线衍射分析进行鉴定。发现双
喹啉的碱性与环间二面角(
IDA)正相关。对于
IDA大于约65度的所有双
喹啉二醚,可以定位两个pKa点(pKa1 2.3-2.7;pKa2 4.5-5.3在aq MeOH中)。相比之下,亚甲基
二醚(
IDA ≤ 60度)的碱性非常弱(pKa 2.7-3.1),并且不能双重质子化。孤对/孤对接近效应被用来解释这些观察结果。