The Interaction of π Orbitals with a Carbocation over Three σ Bonds
摘要:
The semi-pi analogue of double hyperconjugation (''hyperconjugation/conjugation'') has been examined in 4-isopropylidenecyclohexyl mesylate (4-OMs) by comparison with the saturated analogue, trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl mesylate(5-OMs). The unsaturated substrate reacts in 97% trifluoroethanol only four times faster than the saturated substrate. Raber-Harris plots indicate that both substrates react by k(s) mechanisms; i.e., solvolysis occurs with solvent assistance rather than carbocation formation. These results are consistent with the absence of a direct, through-bond interaction of the double bond with the reactive center. The absence is caused at least in part by less than ideal overlap of the gamma, delta pi orbitals with the alpha,beta sigma orbitals. In contrast, an electron-rich tin atom attached to the 4-position provides a large rate enhancement and changes the mechanism to carbocation formation through double hyperconjugation.
The Interaction of π Orbitals with a Carbocation over Three σ Bonds
摘要:
The semi-pi analogue of double hyperconjugation (''hyperconjugation/conjugation'') has been examined in 4-isopropylidenecyclohexyl mesylate (4-OMs) by comparison with the saturated analogue, trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl mesylate(5-OMs). The unsaturated substrate reacts in 97% trifluoroethanol only four times faster than the saturated substrate. Raber-Harris plots indicate that both substrates react by k(s) mechanisms; i.e., solvolysis occurs with solvent assistance rather than carbocation formation. These results are consistent with the absence of a direct, through-bond interaction of the double bond with the reactive center. The absence is caused at least in part by less than ideal overlap of the gamma, delta pi orbitals with the alpha,beta sigma orbitals. In contrast, an electron-rich tin atom attached to the 4-position provides a large rate enhancement and changes the mechanism to carbocation formation through double hyperconjugation.
COMPOUNDS THAT ARE S1P MODULATING AGENTS AND/OR ATX MODULATING AGENTS
申请人:BIOGEN IDEC MA INC.
公开号:US20150203515A1
公开(公告)日:2015-07-23
Compounds of formula (I) can modulate the activity of one or more SIP receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX).
式(I)的化合物可以调节一个或多个SIP受体的活性和/或自体向素(ATX)的活性。
US9550798B2
申请人:——
公开号:US9550798B2
公开(公告)日:2017-01-24
US9944666B2
申请人:——
公开号:US9944666B2
公开(公告)日:2018-04-17
[EN] COMPOUNDS THAT ARE S1P MODULATING AGENTS AND/OR ATX MODULATING AGENTS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ÉTANT DES AGENTS DE MODULATION DE S1P ET/OU DES AGENTS DE MODULATION D'ATX
申请人:BIOGEN IDEC INC
公开号:WO2014018891A1
公开(公告)日:2014-01-30
Compounds of formula (I) can modulate the activity of one or more SIP receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX).