Ligand substitution equilibria of different cobalamins (XCbl, X = Ado, CF3CH2, n-Pr, NCCH2 and CN−) with cyanide have been studied. It was found that CN− substitutes the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBz) moiety in the α-position in all cases. A reinvestigation of the reactions of coenzyme B12
(X = Ado) and CF3CH2Cbl with CN− and an investigation of the same reaction for X = n-Pr, demonstrate that the unfavorable formation constants in these cases require very high cyanide concentrations to produce the 1 ∶ 1 complex, which causes the kinetics of the displacement of DMBz by cyanide to be too fast to follow. The kinetics of the displacement of DMBz by CN− could be followed for X =
β-NCCH2 and CN− to form NCCH2(CN)Cbl and (CN)2Cbl, respectively. Both reactions show saturation kinetics at high cyanide concentration and the limiting rate constants are characterized by the activation parameters: X = NCCH2, ΔH≠
= 85 ± 2 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠
=
+97 ± 6 J K−1 mol−1, ΔV≠
=
+12.7 ± 0.5 cm3 mol−1; X = CN−, ΔH≠
= 105 ± 2 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠
=
+81 ± 6 J K−1 mol−1 and ΔV≠
=
+13.1 ± 0.3 cm3 mol−1. These parameters are interpreted in terms of a limiting D mechanism. A complete analysis of the trans effect order of the substituent X is presented. The results enable the formulation of a general mechanism that can account for the substitution behavior of all the investigated alkylcobalamins.
研究了不同
钴胺(XCbl,X = Ado、CF3CH2、n-Pr、NCCH2 和 CN-)与
氰化物的
配体取代平衡。研究发现,CN- 在所有情况下都取代了 α 位的
5,6-二甲基苯并咪唑(
DMBz)分子。对辅酶 B12(X = 阿多)和 CF3CH2Cbl 与 CN- 反应的重新研究,以及对 X = n-Pr 相同反应的研究表明,在这些情况下,不利的形成常数需要非常高的
氰化物浓度才能产生 1 ∶ 1 复合物,这导致
氰化物置换
DMBz 的动力学速度过快,难以跟踪。在 X = β-NCCH2 和 CN- 的情况下,
DMBz 被 CN- 置换的动力学可以被跟踪,分别生成 NCCH2(CN)Cbl 和 (CN)2Cbl。在
氰化物浓度较高时,这两种反应都显示出饱和动力学,极限速率常数由活化参数表征:X = NCCH2,ΔH≠ = 85 ± 2 kJ mol-1,ΔS≠ = +97 ± 6 J K-1 mol-1,ΔV≠ = +12.7 ± 0.5 cm3 mol-1;X = CN-,ΔH≠ = 105 ± 2 kJ mol-1,ΔS≠ = +81 ± 6 J K-1 mol-1,ΔV≠ = +13.1 ± 0.3 cm3 mol-1。这些参数是根据极限 D 机制解释的。对取代基 X 的反式效应顺序进行了完整的分析。这些结果有助于制定一种通用机制,以解释所有研究过的烷基
钴胺的取代行为。