Structure-Based Design of β-Lactamase Inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bridged Monobactams
摘要:
Bridged monobactams are novel, potent, mechanism-based inhibitors of class C beta-lactamases, designed using X-ray crystal structures of the enzymes. They stabilize the acyl-enzyme intermediate by blocking access of water to the enzyme-inhibitor ester bond. Bridged monobactams are selective class C beta-lactamase inhibitors, with half-inhibition constants as low as 10 nM, and are less effective against class A and class B enzymes (half-inhibition constants > 100 mu M) because of the different hydrolysis mechanisms in these classes of beta-lactamases. The stability of the acyl-enzyme complexes formed with class C beta-lactamases (half-lives up to 2 days were observed) enabled determination of their crystal structures. The conformation of the inhibitor moiety was close to that predicted by molecular modeling, confirming a simple reaction mechanism, unlike those of known beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and penam sulfones, which involve secondary rearrangements. Synergy between the bridged monobactams and beta-lactamase-labile antibiotics could be observed when such combinations were tested against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that produce large amounts of class C beta-lactamases. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic of more than 64 mg/L could be decreased to 0.25 mg/L in a 1:4 combination with the inhibitor.
Process for the preparation of 2-(primary/secondary amino)hydrocarbyl)-carbamoyl-7-oxo-2,6-diaza-bicyclo [3.2.0.]heptane-6-sulfonic acid derivatives
申请人:Desarbe Eric
公开号:US20100305315A1
公开(公告)日:2010-12-02
A process for the production of a compound of formula (I) wherein
A
LINKER
B
represents a linker moiety of formula (V):
A
[G1-G2*-G3]
B
; wherein A and B indicate the orientation of the group of formula (V) in formula (I); G1, G2 and G3 have specific meanings described herein and may be present or absent, with the proviso that at least one of G1 or G3 is present; which linker group may furthermore optionally contain one or more groups of formula (VI); and/or other substituents; and R1 represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; R2 represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; R3 independently at each occurrence, represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; x is 0 or 1; y is 0 or 1; z independently at each occurrence, is 0 or 1; and (—) represents a single bond between a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom of the moiety
A
LINKER
B
and the adjacent nitrogen atom; in which process (A) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III) wherein Pr represents an amino protecting group selected from t-butyloxy carbonyl (t-Boc), 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyloxy carbonyl (Bpoc), 1-(1-adamantyl)-1-methylethyloxy carbonyl (Adpoc), 1-(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyloxy carbonyl (t-Bumeoc), 1-adamantyloxy carbonyl (Adoc), p-methoxybenzyloxy carbonyl (Moz), o,p-dimethoxybenzyloxy carbonyl,
A
LINKER
B
has the same meaning as in formula (I) with the exception that one or more of the optional groups of formula (VII) may be replaced by a group of formula (VII) and R1; R2; R3; x; y; z and (—), at each occurrence, have the same meaning as in formula (I) and Pr is as defined above; in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base to obtain a compound of formula (IV) wherein Pr;
A
LINKER
B
; R1; R2; R3; x; y; z; and (—), at each occurrence, have the same meaning as in formula (III); which compound is then (B) deprotected by reaction with formic acid or a mixture of formic acid or acetic acid with hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, to give the compound of formula (I) as well as the compounds of the aforementioned formula (IV).
Structure-Based Design of β-Lactamase Inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bridged Monobactams
作者:Ingrid Heinze-Krauss、Peter Angehrn、Robert L. Charnas、Klaus Gubernator、Eva-Maria Gutknecht、Christian Hubschwerlen、Malgosia Kania、Christian Oefner、Malcolm G. P. Page、Satoshi Sogabe、Jean-Luc Specklin、Fritz Winkler
DOI:10.1021/jm980023c
日期:1998.10.1
Bridged monobactams are novel, potent, mechanism-based inhibitors of class C beta-lactamases, designed using X-ray crystal structures of the enzymes. They stabilize the acyl-enzyme intermediate by blocking access of water to the enzyme-inhibitor ester bond. Bridged monobactams are selective class C beta-lactamase inhibitors, with half-inhibition constants as low as 10 nM, and are less effective against class A and class B enzymes (half-inhibition constants > 100 mu M) because of the different hydrolysis mechanisms in these classes of beta-lactamases. The stability of the acyl-enzyme complexes formed with class C beta-lactamases (half-lives up to 2 days were observed) enabled determination of their crystal structures. The conformation of the inhibitor moiety was close to that predicted by molecular modeling, confirming a simple reaction mechanism, unlike those of known beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and penam sulfones, which involve secondary rearrangements. Synergy between the bridged monobactams and beta-lactamase-labile antibiotics could be observed when such combinations were tested against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that produce large amounts of class C beta-lactamases. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic of more than 64 mg/L could be decreased to 0.25 mg/L in a 1:4 combination with the inhibitor.