Structure-Based Design of β-Lactamase Inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bridged Monobactams
摘要:
Bridged monobactams are novel, potent, mechanism-based inhibitors of class C beta-lactamases, designed using X-ray crystal structures of the enzymes. They stabilize the acyl-enzyme intermediate by blocking access of water to the enzyme-inhibitor ester bond. Bridged monobactams are selective class C beta-lactamase inhibitors, with half-inhibition constants as low as 10 nM, and are less effective against class A and class B enzymes (half-inhibition constants > 100 mu M) because of the different hydrolysis mechanisms in these classes of beta-lactamases. The stability of the acyl-enzyme complexes formed with class C beta-lactamases (half-lives up to 2 days were observed) enabled determination of their crystal structures. The conformation of the inhibitor moiety was close to that predicted by molecular modeling, confirming a simple reaction mechanism, unlike those of known beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and penam sulfones, which involve secondary rearrangements. Synergy between the bridged monobactams and beta-lactamase-labile antibiotics could be observed when such combinations were tested against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that produce large amounts of class C beta-lactamases. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic of more than 64 mg/L could be decreased to 0.25 mg/L in a 1:4 combination with the inhibitor.
Process for the preparation of 2-(primary/secondary amino)hydrocarbyl)-carbamoyl-7-oxo-2,6-diaza-bicyclo [3.2.0.]heptane-6-sulfonic acid derivatives
申请人:Desarbe Eric
公开号:US20100305315A1
公开(公告)日:2010-12-02
A process for the production of a compound of formula (I) wherein
A
LINKER
B
represents a linker moiety of formula (V):
A
[G1-G2*-G3]
B
; wherein A and B indicate the orientation of the group of formula (V) in formula (I); G1, G2 and G3 have specific meanings described herein and may be present or absent, with the proviso that at least one of G1 or G3 is present; which linker group may furthermore optionally contain one or more groups of formula (VI); and/or other substituents; and R1 represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; R2 represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; R3 independently at each occurrence, represents hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
-alkyl group; x is 0 or 1; y is 0 or 1; z independently at each occurrence, is 0 or 1; and (—) represents a single bond between a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom of the moiety
A
LINKER
B
and the adjacent nitrogen atom; in which process (A) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III) wherein Pr represents an amino protecting group selected from t-butyloxy carbonyl (t-Boc), 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyloxy carbonyl (Bpoc), 1-(1-adamantyl)-1-methylethyloxy carbonyl (Adpoc), 1-(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyloxy carbonyl (t-Bumeoc), 1-adamantyloxy carbonyl (Adoc), p-methoxybenzyloxy carbonyl (Moz), o,p-dimethoxybenzyloxy carbonyl,
A
LINKER
B
has the same meaning as in formula (I) with the exception that one or more of the optional groups of formula (VII) may be replaced by a group of formula (VII) and R1; R2; R3; x; y; z and (—), at each occurrence, have the same meaning as in formula (I) and Pr is as defined above; in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base to obtain a compound of formula (IV) wherein Pr;
A
LINKER
B
; R1; R2; R3; x; y; z; and (—), at each occurrence, have the same meaning as in formula (III); which compound is then (B) deprotected by reaction with formic acid or a mixture of formic acid or acetic acid with hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, to give the compound of formula (I) as well as the compounds of the aforementioned formula (IV).