An (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-promoted cross-coupling of thiols/diselenides and sulfoxides for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides/selenosulfides
An (NH4)2S2O8-promoted cross-coupling of thiols/diselenides and sulfoxides to construct unsymmetrical disulfides/selenosulfides is disclosed. Control experiments demonstrate that (NH4)2S2O8 acts as an acid and an oxidant, while both ionic and radical routes are involved in the reaction. The KIE experiments reveal that C–H bond cleavage of sulfoxides was involved in the turnover-limiting step.
公开了一种(NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8促进的硫醇/二硒化物和亚砜的交叉偶联以构建不对称的二硫化物/硒硫化物。对照实验表明,(NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8充当酸和氧化剂,而离子和自由基途径都参与反应。KIE 实验表明,亚砜的 C-H 键断裂参与了周转限制步骤。
Bioactive Pyridine-<i>N</i>-oxide Disulfides from <i>Allium stipitatum</i>
作者:Gemma O’Donnell、Rosemarie Poeschl、Oren Zimhony、Mekala Gunaratnam、Joao B. C. Moreira、Stephen Neidle、Dimitrios Evangelopoulos、Sanjib Bhakta、John P. Malkinson、Helena I. Boshoff、Anne Lenaerts、Simon Gibbons
DOI:10.1021/np800572r
日期:2009.3.27
From Allium stipitatum, three pyridine-N-oxide alkaloids (1-3) possessing disulfide functional groups were isolated. The structures of these natural products were elucidated by spectroscopic means as 2-(methyldithio)pyridine-N-oxide (1), 2-[(methylthiomethyl)dithio]pyridine-N-oxide (2), and 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine-N-oxide (3). The proposed structure of 1 was confirmed by synthetic S-methylthiolation of commercial 2-thiopyridine-N-oxide. Compounds 1 and 2 are new natural products, and 3 is reported for the first time from an Allium species. All compounds were evaluated for activity against fast-growing species of Mycobacterium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants of S. aureus. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5-8 mu g/mL against these strains. A small series of analogues of 1 were synthesized in an attempt to optimize antibacterial activity, although the natural product had the most potent in vitro activity. In a whole-cell assay at 30 mu g/mL, 1 was shown to give complete inhibition of the incorporation of C-14-labeled acetate into soluble fatty acids, indicating that it is potentially an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis. In a human cancer cell line antiproliferative assay, 1 and 2 displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 mu M with a selectivity index of 2.3 when compared to a human somatic cell line. Compound 1 was evaluated in a microarray analysis that indicated a similar mode of action to menadione and 8-quinolinol by interfering with the thioredoxin system and up-regulating the production of various heat shock proteins. This compound was also assessed in a mouse model for in vivo toxicity.
PdCl<sub>2</sub>/DMSO-Catalyzed Thiol–Disulfide Exchange: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfide
Unsymmetrical disulfides have been effectively prepared through thiol exchange with symmetrical disulfides employing a simple PdCl2/DMSO catalytic system. The given method features excellent functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity. This reaction is especially useful for late-stage functionalization of bioactive scaffolds such as peptides and pharmaceuticals.