Prevalence of Undernutrition and Vitamin A Deficiency in the Dogon Region, Mali
摘要:
Objectives: A representative sample of 1510 preschool children living in the Bandiagra circle (Mopti Region, Mali) was examined between March and April 1997 to determine the level of vitamin A deficiency.Methods: Using a randomized two level cluster sampling, 20 clusters of 75 children aged six months to six years were selected for evaluating xerophthalmia (XN night blindness and/or X1B Bitot spot). Concurrently stature and weight were determined. A semiquantitative seven-day dietary questionnaire was applied to the mothers of 484 infants to assess consumption of vitamin A rich foodstuffs. The prevalence of biochemical deficiency was attested using the Modified Relative Dose Response test (MRDR) on a sub-sample of 192.Results: Of the studied children, 4.3% (95% Confidence interval [Cl]: 3.2-5.3) reported night blindness and 2% (95% Cl: 1.3-2.7) bad Bitot spots. Prevalence of xerophthalmia attested by at least one of these signs was 5.4% (95% Cl: 4.2-6.5). The prevalence reached 10.5% at three years of age. The MRDR test proved abnormal in 77.1% of the subjects (95% Cl: 70.3-82.7). Serum retinol was lower than 0.35 mumol/L, in 43.8% (95.6% Cl: 36.9-51.3) and less than 0.70 mumol/L in 92.7% of the children (95% Cl: 87.8-95.8). Weekly consumption of vitamin A rich food was rare: 75.8% had not eaten any animal vitamin A rich food, and 22.1% had consumed less than seven times a vitamin A rich food of either vegetable or animal origin.Conclusions: These data define vitamin A deficiency as a severe public health problem in the Bandiagara area of Mali.
Convenient preparation of quinones via the catalytic autoxidation of hydroquinones with nitrogen oxides
作者:Rajendra Rathore、Eric Bosch、Jay K. Kochi
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76211-3
日期:1994.2
An efficient, inexpensive, catalytic method for the autoxidation of hydroquinones utilizes the gaseous (NOx) catalyst which allows a simple workup procedure for quinone isolation merely by solvent removal.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Anthron durch katalytische Hydrierung von Anthrachinon in einem inerten organischen Lösungsmittel in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man gegebenfalls auf Trägermaterialien aufgebrachte Katalysatoren verwendet, die wenigstens zwei Metalle mit den Atomnummern 23 bis 29, wovon wenigstens 1 Metall Ni oder Cu ist, in reduzierter oder oxidischer Form enthalten, mit Wasserstoff hydriert.
Process for the delignification of lignocellulosic material and products thereof
申请人:C.I.L. Inc.
公开号:EP0010451A1
公开(公告)日:1980-04-30
There is disclosed a process for the delignification of lignocellulosic material by treatment with an alkaline liquor in the presence of a cyclic keto compound such as anthraquinone. The lignocellulosic material in subdivided form is first impregnated with the alkaline liquor containing a suitable amount of the cyclic keto compound whereafter any excess liquor is drained. The impregnated material is then cooked by heating. The delignified products are suitable for the manufacture of paper.