18-hydroxyakuammicine | 152425-19-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物 - 马钱子生物碱
• 英文名称: 18-hydroxyakuammicine
• 英文别名: methyl (1R,11S,12E,17S)-12-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-8,14-diazapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,9.02,7.014,17]octadeca-2,4,6,9-tetraene-10-carboxylate
• CAS: 152425-19-9
• 化学式: C₂₀H₂₂N₂O₃
• 分子量: 338.406
• InChiKey: WZRNGJVQWVEIJD-OSRPKCQNSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.1
• 重原子数：
  25
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.45
• 拓扑面积：
  61.8
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  18-hydroxyakuammicine 在 sodium acetate 、 乙酸酐 、 二异丁基氢化铝 、 sodium cyanoborohydride 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 以 正己烷 、 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 5.0h， 生成 番木鳖碱
  参考文献：
  名称：

  通过区域和立体控制的合作催化下的马钱子和白屈菜碱生物碱的对映选择性合成。

  摘要：

  我们描述的对映选择性合成马钱子和白屈菜生物碱。在第一种情况下，吲哚乙酸酯被确定为对映选择性协同异硫脲/ Pd催化α-烷基化的优秀伴侣亲核试剂。这提供了以高收率和出色的对映体诱导水平包含吲哚的立构中心的产品，其方式明显独立于N取代基。这导致了（−）‐ akuammicine和（−）‐ strychnine的简明合成。在第二种情况下，邻位表现不佳对映选择性协同异硫脲/ Ir催化的α-烷基化反应中的预取代肉桂酸亲电试剂可通过适当的取代基选择来克服，从而导致（+）-螯合碱，（+）-去甲螯合碱和（+）-螯合胺的对映选择性合成。

  DOI：

  10.1002/anie.202005151
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  (1S,3R,5R)-3-<1(E)-(1-((trifluoroacetamido)methyl)-3-tert-butoxypropenyl)>-1-<1-<2-<5-(1,3-dimethylhexahydro-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazinyl)>phenyl>ethenyl>-6-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane 在 盐酸 、 氢氧化钾 、 sodium hydride 、 sodium sulfate 、 lithium diisopropyl amide 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 乙醇 、 水 、 乙腈 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 65.67h， 生成 18-hydroxyakuammicine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)- and (+)-Strychnine and the Wieland-Gumlich Aldehyde

  摘要：

  The first asymmetric total syntheses of (-)-strychnine, ent-strychnine, and the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde are described with full experimental details. The total synthesis of (-)-strychnine was realized in 24 steps and 3% overall yield from (1R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenyl acetate (28). This synthesis fully controls the six stereogenic centers and forms the C(20) double bond of (-)-strychnine with high diastereoselection (>20:1). In the first stage of the synthesis, the (R)-cyclopentenylstannane 8 is prepared in nine steps and 30% overall yield (40% with one recycle of 38) as summarized in Scheme 4. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of 8 with the 2-iodoaniline derivative 7 provides enone 6, which is converted to the 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 5 in seven additional steps. This latter sequence proceeds in 36% overall yield (Scheme 6). The central step of the total synthesis is aza-Cope-Mannich rearrangement of 5 which proceeds in 98% yield to form the pentacyclic intermediate 4 (Scheme 7). In five additional steps 4 is converted to the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 2, which is the ultimate precursor of (-)strychnine. A slight modification of this synthesis strategy allowed ent-strychnine to be prepared and provided the first samples of this unnatural enantiomer for pharmacological studies (Scheme 8). The efficiency and conciseness of this synthesis provide an important benchmark of the power of the aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich reaction to solve formidable problems in alkaloid construction.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja00126a017

文献信息

• Total Synthesis of (−)-Strychnine
  作者：Yosuke Kaburagi、Hidetoshi Tokuyama、Tohru Fukuyama

  DOI：10.1021/ja046407b

  日期：2004.8.1

  Total synthesis of (-)-strychnine is described. Notable features of our synthesis include (1) palladium-catalyzed coupling of the indole and vinyl epoxide moieties, (2) synthesis of the nine-membered cyclic amine derivative from the diol precursor in a one-pot procedure, and (3) transannular cyclization of the nine-membered cyclic amine.

  描述了 (-)-马钱子碱的全合成。我们合成的显着特征包括（1）吲哚和乙烯基环氧化物部分的钯催化偶联，（2）在一锅法中从二醇前体合成九元环胺衍生物，以及（3）跨环环化九元环胺。
• Biogenetically Inspired Approach to the <i>Strychnos </i>Alkaloids. Concise Syntheses of (±)-Akuammicine and (±)-Strychnine
  作者：Masayuki Ito、Cameron W. Clark、Michael Mortimore、Jane Betty Goh、Stephen F. Martin

  DOI：10.1021/ja010935v

  日期：2001.8.1

  A linear synthesis of the indole alkaloid (+/-)-akuammicine (2) was completed by a novel sequence of reactions requiring only 10 steps from commercially available starting materials. The approach features a tandem vinylogous Mannich addition and an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction to rapidly assemble the pentacyclic heteroyohimboid derivative 8 from the readily available hydrocarboline 6

  吲哚生物碱 (+/-)-akuammicine (2) 的线性合成是通过新的反应序列完成的，仅需 10 个步骤即可从市售起始材料中提取。该方法具有串联的乙烯基曼尼希加成和分子内杂 Diels-Alder 反应，以从容易获得的烃 6 中快速组装五环杂异菱形衍生物 8。 8 的 E 环的氧化得到内酯 9，该内酯 9 被转化为去甲酰基洋地黄皂苷 (11) . 随后将 11 细化为 2 是通过仿生模式转换实现的，该转换涉及顺序氧化和碱基诱导的骨骼重组。然后将这些策略的变体应用于 C(18) 羟基化草胺衍生物 36 的合成。
• Syntheses of Strychnan- and Aspidospermatan-Type Alkaloids. 10. An Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Strychnine through the Wieland−Gumlich Aldehyde
  作者：Martin E. Kuehne、Feng Xu

  DOI：10.1021/jo9813989

  日期：1998.12.1

  Condensations of L-tryptophan-derived 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3-[2(S)-(benzyloxycarbonyl)- 2-(N-b-benzylamino)ethyl]indole (6) with 4,4-dimethoxyacrolein or with 2,4-hexadienal, followed by removal of the tryptophanyl ester function, respectively gave the tetracyclic acetal (-)-methyl (2S, 3aS,5R,11bR)-3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahydro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylate (10) or the tetracyclic olefin (-)-methyl (2S,3aS,5R,11bR)-3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahydro-5-(1-propenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylate (14). Their respective hydrolysis or oxidation provided, enantioselectively, the tetracyclic aldehyde (-)-methyl (2S,3aS,5R,11bR)3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahydro-5-formyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylate (5). Its reaction with tri-n-butyl-1-(ethoxy)ethoxymethyltin and n-butyllithium, followed by oxidation of the resultant alcohol (-)-methyl (2S,3aS,5R,11bR)-3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahydro-5-(1 xi-hydroxy-2-((1-ethoxy-ethoxy))ethyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylate (16) and cyclization furnished the pentacyclic ketone (-)-methyl (2S,3aS,5R,11bR)-3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahydro-3,5-ethano-12-oxo-1H-pyrrolo-2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylate (15). A Horner-Emmons condensation led to the unsaturated esters (-)-methyl (2S,3aS,5R,11bR)-3-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7-hexahodro-3,5-ethano-12-(E and Z)-[(methoxycarbonyl)-methylene]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole-6-carboxylates(19 and 20) with 17:1 E/Z selectivity. Reductions of the ester and vinylogous urethane functions in 19 led to the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 3 as a 6:1 anomeric hemiacetal mixture. Its condensation with malonic acid provided (-)-strychnine (1) in 5.3% overall yield and 14 steps from the tryptophan derivative 6.
• Synthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. 26. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-strychnine
  作者：Steven D. Knight、Larry E. Overman、Garry Pairaudeau

  DOI：10.1021/ja00073a057

  日期：1993.10
• Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)- and (+)-Strychnine and the Wieland-Gumlich Aldehyde
  作者：Steven D. Knight、Larry E. Overman、Garry Pairaudeau

  DOI：10.1021/ja00126a017

  日期：1995.5

  The first asymmetric total syntheses of (-)-strychnine, ent-strychnine, and the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde are described with full experimental details. The total synthesis of (-)-strychnine was realized in 24 steps and 3% overall yield from (1R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenyl acetate (28). This synthesis fully controls the six stereogenic centers and forms the C(20) double bond of (-)-strychnine with high diastereoselection (>20:1). In the first stage of the synthesis, the (R)-cyclopentenylstannane 8 is prepared in nine steps and 30% overall yield (40% with one recycle of 38) as summarized in Scheme 4. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of 8 with the 2-iodoaniline derivative 7 provides enone 6, which is converted to the 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 5 in seven additional steps. This latter sequence proceeds in 36% overall yield (Scheme 6). The central step of the total synthesis is aza-Cope-Mannich rearrangement of 5 which proceeds in 98% yield to form the pentacyclic intermediate 4 (Scheme 7). In five additional steps 4 is converted to the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 2, which is the ultimate precursor of (-)strychnine. A slight modification of this synthesis strategy allowed ent-strychnine to be prepared and provided the first samples of this unnatural enantiomer for pharmacological studies (Scheme 8). The efficiency and conciseness of this synthesis provide an important benchmark of the power of the aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich reaction to solve formidable problems in alkaloid construction.