通过四烷基铵盐与粘土夹层中离子之间的离子交换反应,制备了固定在蒙脱土(Q-MMT)上的各种季铵盐(QX)离子液体。Q-MMT的特征在于元素分析,氮吸附-解吸,XRD,13 C和27 Al NMR,TGA,FT-IR和HRTEM。该dQ-MMT的间距随着烷基链长度的增加而增加,但是,通过将QX固定在MMT上,表面积减小了。Q-MMT对由甘油和尿素合成碳酸甘油酯显示出良好的催化活性。还讨论了离子液体阳离子结构以及反应参数(例如温度和真空度)对Q-MMT性能的影响。该催化剂可以连续使用多达四次,而不会损失任何活性。
absence of high-performance solid catalysts. Herein, highly porous nanocage catalysts composed of well-mixed Co3O4 and ZnO nanocrystals were successfully fabricated via a facile heterometallic metal-organic framework (MOF)-templated synthetic route. Benefiting from a high porosity and the synergistic effect between Co3O4 and ZnO, the as-prepared composite catalysts exhibited a significantly enhanced
摘要 碳酸甘油酯(GLC)的高效合成因其在减少生物柴油生产中过量甘油方面的重要意义以及在多个工业领域中的应用前景而备受关注。然而,由于缺乏高性能固体催化剂,在多相催化过程中从甘油中实现高转化率和高选择性的 GLC 仍然是一个挑战。在此,通过简便的异金属金属有机骨架(MOF)模板合成路线成功地制备了由良好混合的 Co 3 O 4 和 ZnO 纳米晶体组成的高度多孔纳米笼催化剂。得益于高孔隙率以及 Co 3 O 4 和 ZnO 之间的协同效应,与单组分催化剂相比,所制备的复合催化剂在甘油与尿素的羰基化反应中表现出显着提高的 GLC 生产效率。Co 50 Zn 50 -350催化剂上GLC的收率达到85.2%,转化率为93.3%,GLC选择性接近91%,该催化性能优于大多数非均相催化剂。更重要的是,所提出的异金属 MOF 模板化合成策略有助于调节催化剂组成和表面结构,因此可以潜在地扩展到其他金属
Chemicals from biomass: Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification and carbonylation with urea with hydrotalcite catalysts. The role of acid–base pairs
作者:Maria J. Climent、Avelino Corma、Pilar De Frutos、Sara Iborra、Maria Noy、Alexandra Velty、Patricia Concepción
DOI:10.1016/j.jcat.2009.11.001
日期:2010.1
(35 °C), and low catalyst loading (0.5 wt%) giving high glycerol conversions with 98% selectivity to glycerolcarbonate. When the synthesis of glycerolcarbonate was carried out by carbonylation of glycerol with urea, the results showed that balanced bifunctional acid–base catalysts where the Lewis acid activates the carbonyl of the urea and the conjugated basic site activates the hydroxyl group of the
An accelerated route of glycerol carbonate formation from glycerol using waste boiler ash as catalyst
作者:Vidhyaa Paroo Indran、Nor Ain Syuhada Zuhaimi、Mohd Asyrak Deraman、Gaanty Pragas Maniam、Mashitah Mohd. Yusoff、Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin、Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim
DOI:10.1039/c4ra02910k
日期:——
New, abundant and relatively cheap waste boiler ash as catalyst for the selective transformation of glycerol into glycerol carbonate fine chemical.
新型、丰富且相对便宜的废锅炉灰作为催化剂,用于将甘油选择性转化为甘油碳酸酯精细化学品。
Formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea catalysed by metal monoglycerolates
作者:Terence W. Turney、Antonio Patti、Will Gates、Uzma Shaheen、Sanjitha Kulasegaram
DOI:10.1039/c3gc37028c
日期:——
Polymeric monoglycerolate complexes of zinc and cobalt can act as homogeneous catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea. Effects of reaction temperature, time and glycerol to urea molar ratios on glycerol carbonate selectivity and glycerol conversion have been analysed, with yields reaching 83% at 98% glycerol conversion. The proposed mechanism involves competing catalysed and uncatalysed pathways. In the catalysed pathway, an intermediate isocyanate complex, formed from reaction of urea with the metal monoglycerolate, undergoes rearrangement to form glycerol carbonate and ammonia.