A Structure/Activity Relationship Study on Arvanil, an Endocannabinoid and Vanilloid Hybrid
作者:Vincenzo Di Marzo、Graeme Griffin、Luciano De Petrocellis、Ines Brandi、Tiziana Bisogno、William Williams、Mark C. Grier、Sanjitha Kulasegram、Anu Mahadevan、Raj K. Razdan、Billy R. Martin
DOI:10.1124/jpet.300.3.984
日期:2002.3.1
Arvanil, a structural “hybrid” between the endogenous cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligand anandamide and capsaicin, is a potent agonist for the capsaicin receptor VR1 (vanilloid receptor type 1), inhibits the anandamide membrane transporter (AMT), and induces cannabimimetic responses in mice. Novel arvanil derivatives prepared by N -methylation, replacement of the amide with urea and thiourea moieties, and manipulation of the vanillyl group were evaluated for their ability to bind/activate CB1 receptors, activate VR1 receptors, inhibit the AMT and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and produce cannabimimetic effects in mice. The compounds did not stimulate the CB1 receptor. Methylation of the amide group decreased the activity at VR1, AMT, and FAAH. On the aromatic ring, the substitution of the 3-methoxy group with a chlorine atom or the lack of the 4-hydroxy group decreased the activity on VR1 and AMT, but not the affinity for CB1 receptors, and increased the capability to inhibit FAAH. The urea or thiourea analogs retained activity at VR1and AMT but exhibited little affinity for CB1 receptors. The urea analog was a potent FAAH inhibitor (IC50 = 2.0 μM). A water-soluble analog of arvanil, O-2142, was as active on VR1, much less active on AMT and CB1, and more potent on FAAH. All compounds induced a response in the mouse “tetrad”, particularly those with EC50 <10 nM on VR1. However, the most potent compound, N - N ′-di-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy)benzyl-arachidonamide (O-2093, ED50 ∼0.04 mg/kg), did not activate VR1 or CB1 receptors. Our findings suggest that VR1 and/or as yet uncharacterized receptors produce cannabimimetic responses in mice in vivo.
阿伐那非(Arvanil)是一种结构上的"杂交体",结合了内源性大麻素CB1受体配体大麻二酚(anandamide)和辣椒素。它是一种有效的辣椒素受体VR1(香草酸受体1型)激动剂,抑制了大麻二酚膜转运体(AMT),并在小鼠体内诱导出类似大麻的反应。通过N-甲基化、用尿素和硫脲部分替换酰胺、操作香草醛基团制备的新型阿伐那非衍生物,评估了它们结合/激活CB1受体、激活VR1受体、抑制AMT和脂肪酸酰胺水解酶(FAAH)以及在小鼠体内产生类似大麻效应的能力。这些化合物并未刺激CB1受体。酰胺基团的甲基化降低了其在VR1、AMT和FAAH上的活性。在芳香环上,用氯原子替换3-甲氧基或去除4-羟基会降低VR1和AMT上的活性,但不影响CB1受体的亲和力,并增加了抑制FAAH的能力。尿素或硫脲类似物保留了VR1和AMT上的活性,但对CB1受体亲和力较小。尿素类似物是一种有效的FAAH抑制剂(IC50 = 2.0 μM)。水溶性阿伐那非类似物O-2142在VR1上同样有效,在AMT和CB1上活性较低,在FAAH上更有效。所有化合物在小鼠"四联症"上诱导出反应,特别是那些在VR1上EC50 <10 nM的化合物。然而,最强的化合物N-N'-二-(3-氯-4-羟基)苄基-花生四烯酰胺(O-2093, ED50 ∼0.04 mg/kg)并未激活VR1或CB1受体。我们的发现表明,VR1和/或尚未表征的受体在体内诱导小鼠产生类似大麻的反应。