The present invention is related to a new process for selectively preparing isosorbide-5-nitrate (1.4-3.6-dianhydrosorbitol-5-nitrate) by subjecting isomannide (1.4-3.6-dianhydromannitol) in an organic solvent or an aqueous-organic reaction medium to reaction with the equivalent amount of an acid halogenide or the anhydride of a benzene or naphthalene sulfonic acid possibly substituted by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and/or halogen, of a perfluoro - lower alkane-sulfonic acid, of a lower alkanesulfonic acid or of a perfluoro - lower - alkanoic acid or with the equivalent amount of an acid halogenide of a carbamic acid or of sulphurous acid; subjecting the resulting isomannide-2-ester in the presence of a solvent and possibly with heating, to reaction with an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt of a benzoic acid possibly substituted by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and/or halogen or of a lower alkanoic acid; converting the hydroxy group in the 5-position of the resulting isosorbide-2-ester into the nitric acid ester group in manners known per se by reaction with nitric acid; and subjecting the resulting isosorbide-2-ester-5-nitrate to selective hydrolysis and/or reesterification in an organic or aqueous-organic solvent with an alkali metal hydroxide in manners known per se.
本发明涉及一种通过将异
甘露醇(1,4-3,6-二羟基
甘露醇)在有机溶剂或
水-有机反应介质中与相当量的酸卤化物或苯或
萘磺酸的酐反应,可能被较低烷基、较低烷氧基和/或卤素取代,
全氟-较低烷基
磺酸,较低烷基
磺酸或
全氟-较低-烷基酸的等量反应,制备5-硝基
异山梨醇(1,4-3,6-二羟基
山梨醇-5-
硝酸酯)的新工艺;将所得异
甘露醇-2-酯在溶剂存在下并可能加热的情况下,与
苯甲酸或较低烷基、较低烷氧基和/或卤素取代的
苯甲酸或较低烷基酸的
苯甲酸的碱
金属盐或
铵盐等量反应;通过与
硝酸反应将所得
异山梨醇-2-酯中5-位的羟基转化为
硝酸酯基,其方法已知;将所得的
异山梨醇-2-酯-5-
硝酸酯在有机或
水-有机溶剂中通过已知方法进行选择性
水解和/或重新酯化,与碱
金属氢氧化物反应。