This application relates to the use of phosphonium-based ionic liquids as recyclable solvents for solution phase chemistry. The ionic liquids may be used, for example, as solvents for reactions involving Grignard reagents, hydridic reagents, metallic and non-metallic reducing agents, and strong bases, including nucleophilic carbenes and Wittig reagents. In one embodiment the invention may comprise homogeneous mixtures of strong bases/nucleophiles/reducing agents and tetrahydrocarbylphosphonium salt ionic liquids. The invention also relates to chemical processes that may proceed in either minimally flammable solvent, or a complete absence of flammable solvent, including systems containing strong reducing agents such as alkali and alkaline metals or metal and non-metal hydrides. Methods for generating anions and nucleophililic carbenes (imidazol-2-ylidenes) (and complexes derived from them) in phosphonium-based ionic liquids are also described. The invention demonstrates the feasibility of using phosphonium-based ionic liquids as a reliable reaction media for a wide variety of basic reagents. The problems associated with C-H activation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids by highly reactive bases are not observed for phosphonium-based ionic liquids.
该应用涉及使用基于膦的
离子液体作为可回收溶剂用于溶液相
化学。这些
离子液体可以用作涉及
格氏试剂、氢化试剂、
金属和非
金属还原剂以及强碱的反应溶剂,包括亲核卡宾和威廉试剂等反应的溶剂。在一个实施例中,该发明可能包括强碱/亲核试剂/还原剂和四氢烷基膦盐
离子液体的均相混合物。该发明还涉及可能在微可燃溶剂或完全没有可燃溶剂的情况下进行的
化学过程,包括含有碱
金属和碱土
金属或
金属和非
金属
氢化物等强还原剂的体系。还描述了在基于膦的
离子液体中生成阴离子和亲核卡宾(
咪唑-2-基亚甲基)(以及从它们衍生的络合物)的方法。该发明证明了使用基于膦的
离子液体作为各种基本试剂的可靠反应介质的可行性。对于高度活性碱引起的
咪唑基
离子液体中的C-H活化所涉及的问题在基于膦的
离子液体中并未观察到。