A rate and product study of the effect of solutes upon the solvolysis of benzyl toluene-p-sulphonate in aqueous trifluoroethanol
作者:H. Maskill
DOI:10.1039/p29860001241
日期:——
perchlorate gives rise to a kinetic salt effect but no detectable perturbation of the product ratio. Thiocyanate, iodide, and bromide lead to second-order rate terms and the formation of substitution products. Thiocyanate, the most effective nucleophile used, does not affect the internal ratio of the solvent-derived products. We find no evidence of nucleophilic capture of carbonium ion intermediates formed
研究了几种电解质(包括高氯酸钠,硫氰酸钠,乙酸盐和卤化物)对甲苯磺酸苄酯在25°C 1:1(v / v)水溶液中的溶解速率和产物的影响。在不存在任何电解质的情况下,在反应介质中,苯甲醇与苄基三氟乙基醚的比率仅略微大于水与三氟乙醇的摩尔比。高氯酸钠产生动力学盐效应,但没有可察觉的产物比率扰动。硫氰酸盐,碘化物和溴化物导致二阶速率项和取代产物的形成。硫氰酸盐,最有效的亲核试剂,不影响溶剂衍生产品的内部比率。我们没有发现在先前的速率确定步骤中形成亲核捕获碳离子中间体的证据。氯化物,乙酸盐和氢氧化物在该介质中是非常弱的亲核试剂,不会导致总体速率提高。用乙醇代替小部分的三氟乙醇会导致形成低产率的苄基乙基醚。没有证据表明甲苯磺酸苄酯会与之反应S N 2机制,其在与溶剂和亲核硬质溶质的反应中不偶联,或与诸如碘化物和硫氰酸盐的软亲核性偶联。
Rate and Product Studies with Benzyl and <i>p</i>-Nitrobenzyl Chloroformates under Solvolytic Conditions
作者:Jin Burm Kyong、Byoung-Chun Park、Chang-Bae Kim、Dennis N. Kevill
DOI:10.1021/jo005630y
日期:2000.11.1
2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The solvolyses of benzyl chloroformate show similar characteristics in solvents of relatively high nucleophilicity and/or low ionizingpower. In solvents with considerable fluoro alcohol content, an ionization mechanism, accompanied by loss of carbon dioxide, leads to benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, and benzyl alkyl ether. A new correlation now applies, with a much lower l value
[EN] METHODS OF CONTROLLING NEONICOTINOID RESISTANT PESTS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉS DE LUTTE CONTRE DES ORGANISMES NUISIBLES RÉSISTANT AUX NÉONICOTINOÏDES
申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
公开号:WO2014154487A1
公开(公告)日:2014-10-02
The invention relates to a method of controlling insects (in particular insects of the order Hemiptera, especially aphids and whitefly) that are resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides, to methods of controlling insects whereby undesired insects are affected but beneficial arthropods are not affected, using compounds of formula I(where A and R1 are as defined above) and, further, to novel compounds of formula I which are useful in the aforementioned methods and/or which possess enhanced insecticidal properties, and to compositions containing said compounds.
The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I)
wherein R
1
, R
2
and R
3
are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.
[EN] SEC-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYL DERIVATIVES AS HSL INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT DIABETES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS SEC-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYLES EN TANT QU'INHIBITEUR DE HSL POUR LE TRAITEMENT DU DIABÈTE
申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
公开号:WO2012123432A1
公开(公告)日:2012-09-20
The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described herein, and compositions including the compounds. The use of the compounds as inhibitors of hormone sensitive lipose (HSL) for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and metabolic symdrome is also disclosed.