Betylates. 3. Preparative nucleophilic substitution by way of [2]-, [3]-, and [4]betylates. Stoichiometric phase transfer and substrate-reagent ion-pair (SRIP) reactions of betylates
Solvent and Steric Effects on the Solvolysis of Polyvinylsulfonic Acid Esters
作者:Sadao Yoshikawa、Oh-Kil Kim、Takeshi Hori
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.39.1937
日期:1966.9
which contributed to the initial rate enhancement, while the latter indicates the aggregation of the polymer molecules owing to their strong hydrophobic character. The solvolysisrates, kp, for polymeric sulfonic esters were much greater than those, km, for monomeric analogs in all cases except isopropyl and n-butyl esters in 20% aqueous acetone. The relative rate (kp/km) increased with an increase
Process for preparing a copolymer in the form of beads and uses thereof
申请人:THE BRITISH PETROLEUM COMPANY P.L.C.
公开号:EP0305091A2
公开(公告)日:1989-03-01
A first copolymer in the form of beads of a vinyl sulphonic acid and a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. Also a second copolymer in the form of beads of a derivative of a vinyl sulphonic acid chemically convertible to the sulphonic acid and a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The second copolymer is converted to the first copolymer by hydrolysis, advantageously in the presence of ultrasound.
Detergent compositions include water soluble polymers which serve as builders, lime soap dispersants, and antiredeposition agents. The water soluble polymers, which fall into two structural classes, are especially useful in commercial heavy duty liquid detergent compositions, with which they are compatible in effective amounts. The water soluble polymers enhance several detergent properties such as antiredeposition and lime soap dispersancy with a concomittant loss in other detergent composition characteristics. Further, the polymers are compatible with enzyme containing liquid detergents. In the first structural class surfactant radicals are distributed along the polymer chain, which also includes pendent carboxyl and/or carboxylate salt radicals. An example of a polymer within this class is represented by the formula:
wherein: EO = ethylene oxide
C16-C18 = a(C16-Cl8)alkyl group or an aralkyl or alkaryl group in which the alkyl portion contains 16 to 18 carbon atoms. In the second structural class the polymers are terminated by a surfactant radical. The water soluble polymers are also effective dispersants for a number of particulate materials including kaolin clay and powdered coal, and inhibit the precipitation of calcium chloride and barium sulfate.
A low-formaldehyde polymer latex composition is described. The composition comprises at least one polymer latex and at least one formaldehyde-scavenging agent. The composition can also include a self-crosslinking polymer latex having N-methylol functional groups, such as from polymerized residues of N-methylolacrylamide or N-methylol-methacrylamide. In this case, the composition is of use as a binder for textiles or non-woven materials. The scavenging agent reduces formaldehyde evolution during drying and curing of these compositions.