Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions of Esters with Protic Nucleophiles Mediated by Amphoteric, Oxotitanium, and Vanadyl Species
摘要:
[GRAPHICS]A diverse array of oxometallic species were examined as catalysts in nucleophilic acyl substitution (NAS) reactions of methyl (or ethyl) esters with protic nucleophiles. Among them, oxotitanium acetylacetonate (TiO(acac)(2)) and vanadyl chloride (VOCl2-(THF)(x)) served as the most efficient and water-tolerant catalysts. Transesterifications of methyl and/or ethyl esters with functionalized (including acid- or base-sensitive) 1degrees and 2degrees alcohols can be carried out chemoselectively in refluxed toluene or xylene in a 1:1 substrate stoichiometry using 1 mol % catalyst loading. The resultant products were furnished in 85-100% yields by simple aqueous workup to remove water-soluble catalysts. The new NAS protocol is also amenable to amines and thiols in 74-91% yields, albeit with higher loading (2.5 equiv) of protic nucleophiles. Representative examples of commercial interests such as Padimate 0 and antioxidant additives for plastics were also examined to demonstrate their practical applications. A 1:1 adduct between TiO(acac)2 and a given 1-octadecanol was identified as (C18H37O)(2)Ti(acac)(2) and was responsible for its subsequent NAS of methyl esters.
Organic ions in the gas phase. XXVII. Long-range intramolecular interactions in 4-n-alkyl trimellitic esters
作者:Seymour. Meyerson、Imre. Puskas、Ellis K. Fields
DOI:10.1021/ja00799a037
日期:1973.9
GREASE COMPOSITION
申请人:Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
公开号:EP2331665A1
公开(公告)日:2011-06-15
US9096813B2
申请人:——
公开号:US9096813B2
公开(公告)日:2015-08-04
[EN] GREASE COMPOSITION<br/>[FR] FORMULE DE GRAISSE
申请人:SHELL INT RESEARCH
公开号:WO2010037746A1
公开(公告)日:2010-04-08
A grease composition for use in resin lubrication wherein at least one amine salt of an unsaturated or saturated fatty acid is incorporated in a grease base material which includes a base oil and a thickener, preferably wherein at least one fatty acid amine salt of the following general formula (1) is incorporated: RCOO- R' NH3+ wherein either (i) R is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 15 to 21 carbon atoms, and R' is a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; or (ii) R is a linear saturated hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 21 carbon atoms, and R' is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms. The grease composition of the- present invention improves the lubricity between resin and resin or resin.and another material such as a metal.
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions of Esters with Protic Nucleophiles Mediated by Amphoteric, Oxotitanium, and Vanadyl Species
作者:Chien-Tien Chen、Jen-Huang Kuo、Cheng-Hsiu Ku、Shiue-Shien Weng、Cheng-Yuan Liu
DOI:10.1021/jo0484878
日期:2005.2.1
[GRAPHICS]A diverse array of oxometallic species were examined as catalysts in nucleophilic acyl substitution (NAS) reactions of methyl (or ethyl) esters with protic nucleophiles. Among them, oxotitanium acetylacetonate (TiO(acac)(2)) and vanadyl chloride (VOCl2-(THF)(x)) served as the most efficient and water-tolerant catalysts. Transesterifications of methyl and/or ethyl esters with functionalized (including acid- or base-sensitive) 1degrees and 2degrees alcohols can be carried out chemoselectively in refluxed toluene or xylene in a 1:1 substrate stoichiometry using 1 mol % catalyst loading. The resultant products were furnished in 85-100% yields by simple aqueous workup to remove water-soluble catalysts. The new NAS protocol is also amenable to amines and thiols in 74-91% yields, albeit with higher loading (2.5 equiv) of protic nucleophiles. Representative examples of commercial interests such as Padimate 0 and antioxidant additives for plastics were also examined to demonstrate their practical applications. A 1:1 adduct between TiO(acac)2 and a given 1-octadecanol was identified as (C18H37O)(2)Ti(acac)(2) and was responsible for its subsequent NAS of methyl esters.