tuning the electrontransfer between radicals and enolates has been developed. This method elicits the innate reactivity of AIBN with a copper catalyst and enables a cascade reaction with cinnamic acids. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies and control experiments indicate that the redox‐active copper species not only activates the radical by coordination, but also serves as a bridge to bring the
[EN] PARTICLES FOR ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS<br/>[FR] PARTICULES POUR ÉCRANS D'AFFICHAGE ÉLECTROPHORÉTIQUES
申请人:MERCK PATENT GMBH
公开号:WO2012019704A1
公开(公告)日:2012-02-16
This invention relates to coloured polymer particles preferably with surface functionality for charge retention, a process for their preparation, the use of these particles for the preparation of an electrophoretic device, colour electrophoretic displays comprising such particle, and new polymerisable dyes.
Compounds of the formula
wherein M is either (1) a metal ion having a positive charge of +y wherein y is an integer which is at least 2, said metal ion being capable of forming a compound with at least two
chromogen moieties, or (2) a metal-containing moiety capable of forming a compound with at least two
chromogen moieties, z is an integer representing the number of
chromogen moieties associated with the metal and is at least 2, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
, R
7
, a, b, c, d, Y, and z are as defined herein, Q
−
is a COO
−
group or a SO
3
— group, A is an organic anion, and CA is either a hydrogen atom or a cation associated with all but one of the Q
−
groups.
A facile and general method for copper-catalyzeddecarboxylative alkylcarboxylation of cinnamic acids with dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) has been developed. The scope and versatility of the reaction was demonstrated, and a broad range of substrates bearing electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on the aromatic rings were all compatible with this reaction to provide desired β,γ-unsaturated
Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of cinnamic acids and ACCN via single electron transfer
作者:Bao Gao、Yinjun Xie、Lei Yang、Hanmin Huang
DOI:10.1039/c5ob02677f
日期:——
using ACCN (1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile)) as a cyano source was described. This reaction was amenable to a broad range of substrates and provided the desired β,γ-unsaturated nitriles containing an all-carbon quaternary carbon center in moderate yields with high selectivity via singleelectrontransfer and decarboxylation.