Synthesis and Identification of Small Molecules that Potently Induce Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells through G1 Cell Cycle Arrest
摘要:
Late-stage malignant melanoma is a cancer that is refractory to current chemotherapeutic treatments. The average survival time for patients with such a diagnosis is 6 months. In general, the vast majority of anticancer drugs operate through induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death in either the DNA synthesis (S) or mitosis (M) phase of the cell cycle. Unfortunately, the same mechanisms that melanocytes possess to protect cells from DNA damage often confer resistance to drugs that derive their toxicity from S or M phase arrest. Described herein is the synthesis of a combinatorial library of potential proapoptotic agents and the subsequent identification of a class of small molecules (triphenyl methylamides, TPMAs) that arrest the growth of melanoma cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Several of these TPMAs are quite potent inducers of apoptotic death in melanoma cell lines (IC50 similar to 0.5 mu M), and importantly, some TPMAs are comparatively nontoxic to normal cells isolated from the bone marrow of healthy donors. Furthermore, the TPMAs were found to dramatically reduce the level of active nuclear factor kappa-B (NF kappa B) in the cell; NF kappa B is known to be constitutively active in melanoma, and this activity is critical for the proliferation of melanoma cells and their evasion of apoptosis. Compounds that reduce the level of NF kappa B and arrest cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle can provide insights into the biology of melanoma and may be effective antimelanoma agents.
Tetrabenzylpyrophosphate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Carboxamides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
作者:Y. Thirupathi Reddy、P. Narsimha Reddy、P. Raghotham Reddy、Peter A Crooks
DOI:10.1246/cl.2008.528
日期:2008.5.5
An efficient method for the synthesis of simple and sterically hindered carboxamides from various carboxylic acids and amines using tetrabenzylpyrophosphate (TBPP) as a coupling agent in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) is described. The reaction is operationally straightforward, proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature, and affords the desired product in high yield.
Facile direct synthesis of amides from trichloroethyl esters using catalytic DBU
作者:Minh Thanh La、Hee-Kwon Kim
DOI:10.1139/cjc-2018-0234
日期:2018.12
A practical method for the direct synthesis of amide compounds is described. Using small quantities of DBU as a catalyst, the direct conversion of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl esters to their corresponding...
2-Furanylboronic acid has been identified as an inexpensive and effective catalyst for the dehydrative amide formation of carboxylicacids and amines. This transformation can be efficiently carried out at roomtemperature and is applicable to a wide range of carboxylicacids with primary and secondary amines to afford amides in good to excellent yields.
[EN] COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER AND MODULATION OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH FOR MELANOMA AND OTHER CANCER CELLS<br/>[FR] COMPOSES ET PROCEDES DE TRAITEMENT DU CANCER ET MODULATION DE LA MORT CELLULAIRE PROGRAMMEE DE MELANOMES ET D'AUTRES CELLULES CANCEREUSES