制备了一系列间氟取代的二苯甲基氯化物、溴化物、甲磺酸盐和甲苯磺酸盐 1-X 至 5-X,并在各种溶剂中进行溶剂分解反应。发现观察到的一阶速率常数 ks (25 °C) 遵循相关方程 log ks (25 °C) = sf (N f + E f ),这使我们能够确定这些不稳定的电离参数 E f二苯甲基阳离子和一系列离去基团/溶剂组合的离核参数 N f , sf 。
Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Nucleofugality of Chloride
作者:Maxwell D. Coney、Daniel C. Morris、Alyssa Gilbert、Stuart W. Prescott、Ronald S. Haines、Jason B. Harper
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.1c02043
日期:2022.2.4
The nucleofugality of chloride has been measured in solvent mixtures containing ionic liquids for the first time, allowing reactivity in these solvents to be put in context with molecular solvents. Using well-described electrofuges, solvolysis rate constants were determined in mixtures containing different proportions of ethanol and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide;
Diphenylcarbinyl Derivatives. I. Solvolysis of some Monosubstituted Benzhydryl Chlorides
作者:Shinya Nishida
DOI:10.1021/jo01284a600
日期:1967.9
Ring-substituted histaprodifen analogues as partial agonists for histamine H1 receptors: synthesis and structure–activity relationships
作者:S Elz
DOI:10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00105-7
日期:2000.1
Thirteen racemic benzene ring-substituted analogues of histaprodifen (8a; 2-[2-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]ethanamine), a novel lead for potent and selective histamine H-1-receptor agonists, have been prepared from substituted 4,4-diphenylbutyronitriles 5 via cyclization of the corresponding methyl butyrimidates 6 with 2-oxo-4-phthalimido-1-butyl acetate in liquid ammonia, followed by deprotection. Nitriles 5 were accessible by alkylation of either substituted diphenylmethanes with 3-bromopropionitrile or diethyl malonate with substituted 1-chloro-diphenylmethanes and subsequent standard reactions. The title compounds 8 displayed partial agonism on contractile H-1 receptors of the guinea-pig ileum (E-max = 2-98% relative to histamine) and, compared with the endogenous agonist, were endowed with agonist potencies of 4-92%. The meta fluorinated (gc) and meta chlorinated (8f) analogues showed the highest relative potency in this series (95% confidence Limits 85-99% and 78-102%), but did not exceed the value of the lead 8a (99-124%). Compound 8c (2-[2-[3-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl]ethanamine) was a partial agonist at contractile H-1 receptors of the guinea-pig aorta (relative potency 154% vs. 100% for histamine) and at relaxation-mediating endothelial H-1 receptors of the rat aorta (relative potency 556% vs. 100% for histamine) and matched with the functional behaviour of 8a. Agonism observed for each compound was sensitive to blockade by the selective H-1-receptor antagonist mepyramine (pA(2) approximate to 9 (guinea-pig) and pA(2) approximate to 8 (rat aorta)). All histaprodifen analogues 8 stimulated neither histaminergic H-2/H-3, nor cholinergic M-3 receptors. They displayed only low to moderate affinity for these sites (H-2: pD'(2), < 5; H-3/M-3: pA(2) < 6). With regard to the substitution pattern on the benzene ring, there was no correlation between the histaprodifen series and the corresponding derivatives of another selective H-1-receptor agonist, viz. 2-phenylhistamine. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.