代谢
在摄入后，除虫菊酯会在胃肠道的各种消化酶的作用下水解。然而，有少量具有杀虫活性的化合物或其衍生物会被吸收，这可以通过它们的毒性和对肝脏的影响来证明。除虫菊酯也可能通过吸入或皮肤接触被吸收。它们迅速分布到大多数组织中，特别是含有高脂质的组织，并在中枢和周围神经组织中浓缩。除虫菊酯或其代谢物不被认为会在体内储存或通过乳汁排出，但没有任何使用现代方法的研究对此进行过探讨。除虫菊酯的主要代谢途径是中央酯键的水解，在多个位点发生氧化攻击，以及结合反应，产生一系列初级和次级水溶性代谢物，这些代谢物通过尿液排出。代谢过程被认为涉及非特异性微粒体羧酸酯酶和微粒体混合功能氧化酶，这些酶几乎存在于所有类型的组织中，尤其是在肝脏中活性特别高。代谢物，如菊酸一羧酸，会通过尿液和粪便排出。（L857, L889）
Following ingestion, pyrethrins are hydrolysed by various digestive enzymes in the gastro-intestinal tract. However, a small portion of the insecticidally active compounds or its derivatives are absorbed, as shown by their toxicity and their effect on the liver. Pyrethrins may also be absorbed following inhalation or dermal contact. They are rapidly distributed to most tissues, particularly to those with a high lipid content, and are concentrated in central and peripheral nervous tissues. Pyrethrins or their metabolites are not known to be stored in the body or to be excreted in the milk, but no study of the matter has employed modern methods. The major metabolic pathways for pyrethrins are hydrolysis
of the central ester bond, oxidative attacks at several sites, and conjugation reactions, to produce a
complex array of primary and secondary water-soluble metabolites that undergo urinary excretion. Metabolism is believed to involve nonspecific microsomal carboxyesterases and microsomal mixed function oxidases, which are located in nearly all tissue types, with particularly high activities in the liver. Metabolites, such as chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (L857, L889)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
