Photoreactions of isoindoline-1-thiones with alkenes: unusual formation of tricyclic isoindolines
摘要:
Photochemical cycloaddition reactions of cyclic thioamides and alkenes have been examined. Irradiation of 2-arylisoindoline-1-thiones 1 in the presence of alkenes 2 gave the unexpected tricyclic isoindolines 3-18. The formation of tricyclic isoindolines can best be explained in terms of the intermediacy of aminospirothietane 27, formed by [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the C=S double bond of 1 to the C=C double bond of 2. Ring cleavage of the resultant amino thietane, assisted by the participation of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons, produced zwitterions 28 and 29 or 1-mercaptoethylisoindole (30). Subsequent nucleophilic attack of the thiol anion on the iminium carbon of 29 or attack of the thiol group on C-3 of 30 gave the final products. Irradiation of isobenzofuran-1-thione (22) and isobenzothiophene-l-thione (23) in the presence of tetramethylethylene (2a) gave the corresponding spirothietanes 24 and 25.
A copper-catalyzedaerobic 3-hydroxyisoindolinone synthesis was developed via the benzylic double C(sp3)–H functionalization of 2-alkylbenzamides. In this reaction, molecular oxygen was used as both an oxidant for C(sp3)–H functionalization and an oxygen source. Our method can be extended to diverse benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds and shows excellent functional group tolerance.
Treatment of 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones 1 with Lawesson reagent gave isoindoline-1-thiones 2, by direct thionation and reductive elimination of hydroxy group, in good yields.
Nishio, Takehiko; Yamamoto, Hiroshi, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1995, vol. 32, # 3, p. 883 - 892
作者:Nishio, Takehiko、Yamamoto, Hiroshi
DOI:——
日期:——
Photoreactions of isoindoline-1-thiones with alkenes: unusual formation of tricyclic isoindolines
作者:Takehiko Nishio、Norikazu Okuda
DOI:10.1021/jo00040a049
日期:1992.7
Photochemical cycloaddition reactions of cyclic thioamides and alkenes have been examined. Irradiation of 2-arylisoindoline-1-thiones 1 in the presence of alkenes 2 gave the unexpected tricyclic isoindolines 3-18. The formation of tricyclic isoindolines can best be explained in terms of the intermediacy of aminospirothietane 27, formed by [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the C=S double bond of 1 to the C=C double bond of 2. Ring cleavage of the resultant amino thietane, assisted by the participation of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons, produced zwitterions 28 and 29 or 1-mercaptoethylisoindole (30). Subsequent nucleophilic attack of the thiol anion on the iminium carbon of 29 or attack of the thiol group on C-3 of 30 gave the final products. Irradiation of isobenzofuran-1-thione (22) and isobenzothiophene-l-thione (23) in the presence of tetramethylethylene (2a) gave the corresponding spirothietanes 24 and 25.