Pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death implicated in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases as well as in disorders characterized by excessive cell death and inflammation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a key event in the pyroptotic cascade. In this study, we describe the synthesis and chemical tuning of alpha,beta-unsaturated electrophilic warheads toward the development of antipyroptotic compounds. Their pharmacological evaluation and structure-activity relationships are also described. Compound 9 was selected as a model of this series, and it proved to be a reactive Michael acceptor, irreversibly trapping thiol nucleophiles, which prevented both ATP- and nigericin-triggered pyroptosis of human THP-1 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 9 and other structurally related compounds, inhibited caspase-1 and NLRP3 ATPase activities. Our findings can contribute to the development of covalent, multitarget antipyroptotic compounds targeting molecular components of the NLRP3 inflammasome regulatory pathway.
First Evidence of Proline Acting as a Bifunctional Catalyst in the Baylis–Hillman Reaction Between Alkyl Vinyl Ketones and Aryl Aldehydes
作者:Michelangelo Gruttadauria、Francesco Giacalone、Paolo Lo Meo、Adriana Mossuto Marculescu、Serena Riela、Renato Noto
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200701112
日期:2008.3
Proline in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate has been found to be an effective catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman reaction between methyl or ethylvinyl ketone and aryl aldehydes. Screening of several amine catalysts showed that an ionizable carboxylic function directly linked to the secondary amine catalyst plays an important role in the synthesis of the desired product in good yield. The data
Remarkably Chemoselective Reduction of Unmodified Baylis-Hillman Adducts by InCl<sub>3</sub>/NaBH<sub>4</sub>: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenones Including Two Alarm Pheromones
A novel, convenient and solely stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted E-alkenones has been achieved by InCl 3 /NaBH 4 mediated chemoselective reduction of unmodified Baylis-Hillman adducts derived fromvinylketones and cycloalkenones for the first time. The efficiency of this methodology in the practical synthesis of (s)-(+)-manicone and (S)-(+)-normanicone, two alarm pheromones of Manica ants