2-bromo-2-methylhexane | 70351-82-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 有机溴化物
• 英文名称: 2-bromo-2-methylhexane
• 英文别名: 2-Brom-2-methyl-hexan；Hexane, 2-bromo-2-methyl
• CAS: 70351-82-5
• 化学式: C₇H₁₅Br
• 分子量: 179.1
• InChiKey: FVGJIAVGOPDNHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  101-102 °C(Press: 63 Torr)
• 密度：
  1.1406 g/cm3
• 保留指数：
  927.5

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.4
• 重原子数：
  8
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-bromo-2-methylhexane 在 lithium aluminium tetrahydride 、 zinc sulfide 作用下， 以 乙醚 、 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 14.0h， 生成 2-甲基己烷-2-硫醇
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Structure–Odor Correlations in Homologous Series of Alkanethiols and Attempts To Predict Odor Thresholds by 3D-QSAR Studies

  摘要：

  Homologous series of alkane-1-thiols, alkane-2-thiols, alkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-1-thiols, 2-methylalkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-2-thiols, and alkane-1,?-dithiols were synthesized to study the influence of structural changes on odor qualities and odor thresholds. In particular, the odor thresholds were strongly influenced by steric effects: In all homologous series a minimum was observed for thiols with five to seven carbon atoms, whereas increasing the chain length led to an exponential increase in the odor threshold. Tertiary alkanethiols revealed clearly lower odor thresholds than found for primary or secondary thiols, whereas neither a second mercapto group in the molecule nor an additional methyl substitution lowered the threshold. To investigate the impact of the SH group, odor thresholds and odor qualities of thiols were compared to those of the corresponding alcohols and (methylthio)alkanes. Replacement of the SH group by an OH group as well as S-methylation of the thiols significantly increased the odor thresholds. By using comparative molecular field analysis, a 3D quantitative structureactivity relationship model was created, which was able to simulate the odor thresholds of alkanethiols in good agreement with the experimental results. NMR and mass spectrometric data for 46 sulfur-containing compounds are additionally supplied.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jf506135c
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-甲基-2-己醇 在 氢溴酸 、 lithium bromide 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 水 为溶剂， 生成 2-bromo-2-methylhexane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  涉及未活化的烷基溴的三组分、间断的自由基/烯丙基取代级联

  摘要：

  开发有效和选择性的策略来处理包含（多）立体中心的复杂架构，一直是学术界和工业界的一个长期综合挑战。催化级联反应代表了一种从简单原料中快速利用分子复杂性的有力手段。不幸的是，由于不可避免的 β-氢化物消除，进行涉及未活化（叔）烷基卤化物的级联 Heck 型反应仍然是一个未解决的挑战。在此，我们展示了模块化、实用且通用的钯催化的自由基三组分偶联确实可以通过可见光介导的中断的 Heck/烯丙基取代序列克服上述限制。未活化的 1,3-二烯（如丁二烯）的选择性 1,4-双官能化，通过使用不同的市售氮基、氧基、硫基或碳基亲核试剂和未活化的烷基溴（>130 个实例，大多数 >95:5 E/Z，>20:1 rr）实现了这一目标。连续的 C(sp3)-C(sp3) 和 CX (N、O、S) 键已被有效构建，具有广泛的范围和高官能团耐受性。该策略的灵活性和多功能性已在复杂醚、砜和叔胺产品的克级反应和流线型合成

  DOI：

  10.1021/jacs.0c03239

文献信息

• Visible-Light-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of C−H Bonds with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides
  作者：Wen-Jun Zhou、Guang-Mei Cao、Guo Shen、Xing-Yong Zhu、Yong-Yuan Gui、Jian-Heng Ye、Liang Sun、Li-Li Liao、Jing Li、Da-Gang Yu

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201704513

  日期：2017.12.4

  Reported herein is a novel visible‐light photoredox system with Pd(PPh3)4 as the sole catalyst for the realization of the first direct cross‐coupling of C(sp3)−H bonds in N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with unactivated alkyl bromides. Moreover, intra‐ and intermolecular alkylations of heteroarenes were also developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl

  本文报道了一种新型的可见光光氧化还原体系，其中Pd（PPh 3）4是实现N-芳基四氢异喹啉中C（sp 3）-H键与未活化烷基溴的第一个直接交叉偶联的唯一催化剂。此外，杂芳烃的分子内和分子间烷基化反应也在温和的反应条件下进行。各种叔，仲和伯烷基溴经过反应生成C（sp 3）-C（sp 3）和C（sp 2）-C（sp 3）债券，收益率中等至极高。这些氧化还原中性反应具有广泛的底物范围（> 60个示例），良好的功能基团耐受性和易于生成的四元中心。机理研究表明，简单的钯配合物充当可见光光催化剂，自由基参与该过程。
• Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Acids with Unactivated <i>Tertiary</i> Alkyl and Glycosyl Halides
  作者：Chenglong Zhao、Xiao Jia、Xuan Wang、Hegui Gong

  DOI：10.1021/ja510653n

  日期：2014.12.17

  highlights Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl acids with alkyl halides, particularly sterically hindered unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides for the production of all carbon quaternary ketones. The reductive strategy is applicable to α-selective synthesis of saturated, fully oxygenated C-acyl glycosides through easy manipulations of the readily available sugar bromides and alkyl acids, avoiding otherwise

  这项工作突出了烷基酸与烷基卤化物的 Ni 催化还原偶联，特别是用于生产所有碳季酮的空间位阻未活化叔烷基溴化物。该还原策略适用于通过容易获得的溴化糖和烷基酸的简单操作来 α 选择性合成饱和的、完全氧化的 C-酰基糖苷，避免了其他困难的多步转化。初步的机理研究表明自由基链机制（循环 B，方案 1）可能是合理的，其中 MgCl2 促进 Ni(II) 配合物的还原。
• Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Tertiary Alkyl Halides with Allylic Carbonates
  作者：Haifeng Chen、Xiao Jia、Yingying Yu、Qun Qian、Hegui Gong

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201705521

  日期：2017.10.9

  of all C(sp3) quaternary centers has been successfully achieved under Ni‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of allylic carbonates with unactivated tertiary alkyl halides. For allylic carbonates bearing C1 or C3 substituents, the reaction affords excellent regioselectivity through the addition of alkyl groups to the unsubstituted allylic carbon terminus. The allylic alkylation method also exhibits

  在烯丙基碳酸酯与未活化叔烷基卤化物的镍催化交叉亲电子偶联下，已成功实现了所有C（sp 3）季铵盐中心的构建。对于带有C1或C3取代基的烯丙基碳酸酯，该反应通过向未取代的烯丙基碳末端加成烷基而提供了优异的区域选择性。烯丙基烷基化方法还具有出色的官能团相容性，并提供具有高E 选择性的产品。
• Silanol-Based Surfactants: Synthetic Access and Properties of an Innovative Class of Environmentally Benign Detergents
  作者：Natascha Hurkes、Heike M. A. Ehmann、Martina List、Stefan Spirk、Malte Bussiek、Ferdinand Belaj、Rudolf Pietschnig

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201402857

  日期：2014.7.21

  Herein, environmentally friendly surfactants based on new silanols as substitutes for the isoelectronic phosphonates were explored. Surface tensions of aqueous solutions are significantly reduced, particularly with those silanols that feature a high ratio of organic moiety to silanol. Besides their use as surfactants, their potential as coating agents for hydrophilic oxide surfaces was investigated

  在此，探索了基于新型硅烷醇作为等电子膦酸酯的替代物的环保型表面活性剂。水溶液的表面张力显着降低，尤其是那些有机部分与硅烷醇比例高的硅烷醇。除了用作表面活性剂外，还以玻璃基材为例研究了它们作为亲水性氧化物表面涂料的潜力。在含硅烷醇的固态片状结构中，存在双层，其中片状间距随烷基链长而变化。
• Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Tertiary Alkyl Halides
  作者：Xuan Wang、Shulin Wang、Weichao Xue、Hegui Gong

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.5b06255

  日期：2015.9.16

  A mild Ni-catalyzed reductive arylation of tertiary alkyl halides with aryl bromides has been developed that delivers products bearing all-carbon quaternary centers in moderate to excellent yields with excellent functional group tolerance. Electron-deficient arenes are generally more effective in inhibiting alkyl isomerization. The reactions proceed successfully with pyridine or 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine

  已经开发出一种温和的 Ni 催化的叔烷基卤化物与芳基溴化物的还原芳基化反应，以中等至优异的收率和优异的官能团耐受性提供带有全碳季铵中心的产品。缺电子芳烃通常更有效地抑制烷基异构化。该反应与吡啶或 4-(二甲氨基)吡啶一起成功进行，而咪唑鎓盐略微提高了偶联效率。