Cyclodextrin Dimers as Cleavable Carriers of Photodynamic Sensitizers
摘要:
Several phthalocyanines carrying hydrophobic components have been synthesized and shown to bind to a group of cyclodextrin dimers with a carbon-carbon double bond in the linker. The complexes are soluble in water. On irradiation in the presence of oxygen, the singlet oxygen produced cleaves the olefinic linkers in the complexes, resulting in precipitation of the sensitizers. This process concentrates the sensitizers in the light beam, a process that has useful potential in photodynamic therapy.
A new palladium(II)–allyl complex containing a thioether-triazole ligand as active catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. Use of tetraalkylammonium salts as promoters: Influence of the salt anion and cation on the catalytic activity
The novel cationic palladium-allyl complex [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)(1-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole)](BF4) (2) is a precatalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Good turnover numbers are obtained in the reaction between different aryl bromides and phenylboronic acid in toluene with K2CO3 as the base. No reaction is instead observed with aryl chlorides due to catalyst decomposition to palladium black. Catalyst decomposition can be circumvented by adding tetraalkylammonium salts in the presence of which reasonably good reaction rates are obtained in the coupling of different aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid. The beneficial effect of tetraalkylammonium salts is found to depend on the nature of the additive as well as the additive to substrate molar ratio. A systematic study allows to delineate the roles played by the cation and the anion of the promoter. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.