Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Aryl-quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives as Hypoxic Selective Anti-tumor Agents
作者:Yunzhen Hu、Qing Xia、Shihao Shangguan、Xiaowen Liu、Yongzhou Hu、Rong Sheng
DOI:10.3390/molecules17089683
日期:——
A series of 3-aryl-2-quinoxaline-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for hypoxic and normoxic cytotoxic activity against human SMMC-7721, K562, KB, A549 and PC-3 cell lines. Many of these new compounds displayed more potent hypoxic cytotoxic activity compared with TX-402 and TPZ in the tumor cells based evaluation, which confirmed our hypothesis that the replacement of the 3-amine with the substituted aryl ring of TX-402 increases the hypoxic anti-tumor activity. The preliminary SAR revealed that 3-chloro was a favorable substituent in the phenyl ring for hypoxic cytotoxicity and 7-methyl or 7-methoxy substituted derivatives exhibited better hypoxic selectivity against most of the tested cell lines. The most potent compound, 7-methyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxide (9h) was selected for further anti-tumor evaluation and mechanistic study. It also exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402, HepG2, HL-60, NCI-H460, HCT-116 and CHP126 cell lines in hypoxia with IC50 values ranging from 0.31 to 3.16 μM, and preliminary mechanism study revealed that 9h induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent pathway.
一系列3-芳基-2-喹喔啉-氰化物1,4-二-N-氧化物衍生物被设计、合成并评估了其在缺氧和正常氧环境下对人类SMMC-7721、K562、KB、A549和PC-3细胞系的细胞毒性活性。与TX-402和TPZ相比,这些新化合物中许多在肿瘤细胞的评估中显示出了更强的缺氧细胞毒性,这证实了我们的假设,即用取代芳环替代3-氨基可增加缺氧抗肿瘤活性。初步的结构活性关系(SAR)显示,3-氯是苯环中有利的取代基,能够增强缺氧细胞毒性,而7-甲基或7-甲氧基取代的衍生物则对大多数测试的细胞系表现出更好的缺氧选择性。最具活性化合物7-甲基-3-(3-氯苯基)-喹喔啉-2-氰化物1,4-二氧化物(9h)被选定进行进一步抗肿瘤评估和机制研究。它在缺氧环境下对BEL-7402、HepG2、HL-60、NCI-H460、HCT-116和CHP126细胞系表现出显著的细胞毒性活性,IC50值范围为0.31至3.16 μM,初步机制研究表明,9h通过依赖caspase的途径诱导细胞凋亡。