methyl (Z,E)-α-methoxyimino-2-[({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxymethyl]benzeneacetate | 863649-09-6

• 物质功能分类: 化学农药原药 - 杀菌剂 - 其他杀菌剂
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 英文名称: methyl (Z,E)-α-methoxyimino-2-[({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxymethyl]benzeneacetate
• 英文别名: trifloxystrobin；MMV688754；TFS；methyl 2-{2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-aza-2-oxa-3-pentenyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxyimino-acetate；Methyl (2e)-(Methoxyimino)(2-{[({(1z)-1-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanoate；methyl (2E)-2-methoxyimino-2-[2-[[(Z)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]acetate
• CAS: 863649-09-6；141517-21-7
• 化学式: C₂₀H₁₉F₃N₂O₄
• 分子量: 408.377
• InChiKey: ONCZDRURRATYFI-KEEMFBDKSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  72.9°
• 沸点：
  bp~312°
• 密度：
  1.21±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 闪点：
  >70 °C
• 溶解度：
  氯仿：微溶；甲醇：微溶
• LogP：
  5.112 (est)
• 颜色/状态：
  White powder
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 蒸汽压力：
  2.55X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：
  No change after 2 years storage at 20 °C in commercial packing. /Stratego 250 EC/ /from table/
• 分解：
  Decompn starting at 285 °C.
• 解离常数：
  Trifloxystrobin does not show any dissociation in the pH ranges 2 to 12.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.9
• 重原子数：
  29
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.25
• 拓扑面积：
  69.5
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  9

ADMET

代谢

在大鼠中，吸收的化合物通过广泛的代谢迅速清除，尤其是通过酯基的水解。其他重要的代谢途径包括甲基氧基亚硝基团的O-脱甲基化和甲基侧链的氧化，生成相应的醇和羧酸。

In rats, the absorbed compound was rapidly cleared with extensive metabolism, particularly through hydrolysis of the ester group. Other significant metabolic routes were O-demethylation of the methoxyimino group and oxidation of the methyl side chain to the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

雄性和雌性大鼠通过灌胃给予[Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]（放射性化学纯度范围：>97至>99%）或[Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]-/trifloxystrobin/（CGA-279202）（放射性化学纯度：>99%）。除了D2组外，所有组的大鼠都被给予[Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]-/trifloxystrobin/（CGA 279202）...从尿液、粪便和胆汁样本中分离并鉴定出35种代谢物。主要的代谢途径包括1）甲基酯水解为相应的酸，2）甲氧基亚胺基团的O-去甲基化，以及3）甲基侧链氧化为初级醇，随后进一步氧化为羧酸。最后这个反应在雌性大鼠中是一个更突出的代谢途径，从而分离出主要的性别特异性尿代谢物。甘氧基-苯基和三氟甲基-苯基部分的裂解占总剂量的10%。对于三氟甲基苯基片段，羟基亚胺基团的氧化导致硝基化合物的形成，甲基的氧化导致羧酸的形成。此外，亚胺基团的水解形成了一个中间酮，随后的反应最终导致三氟甲基苯甲酸的形成。对于甘氧基-苯基部分，氧化导致苯甲酸的形成。甲氧基亚胺基团的O-去甲基化导致羟基亚胺化合物的形成。亚胺基团的水解产生α-酮酸，随后脱羧基化形成邻苯二甲酸。胆汁中分离出与葡萄糖醛酸或硫酸结合的共轭物。低剂量和高剂量分别有4至7%和31至47%的未代谢测试物质以原形在粪便中排出。吸收的剂量主要在胆汁中分离。进一步的加工将测试物质和/或代谢物返回到肠道，并通过粪便排出或通过肠肝循环再吸收。

Male and female rats were dosed by gavage with either [Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C] (radiochemical purity range: >97 to >99%) or [Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]-/trifloxystrobin/ (CGA- 279202) (radiochemical purity: >99%). For all of the groups except D2, the animals were dosed with [Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]-/trifloxystrobin/ (CGA 279202). ...Thirty five metabolites were isolated and identified from the urine, feces and bile samples. Major metabolic pathways included 1) hydrolysis of the methyl ester to the corresponding acid, 2) O-demethylation of the methoxyimino group, and 3) oxidation of the methyl side chain to a primary alcohol, followed by further oxidation to the carboxylic acid. This last reaction was a more prominent metabolic pathway in the female rats with the resultant isolation of major sex-specific urinary metabolites. Cleavage of the glyoxyl-phenyl and trifluoromethyl-phenyl moieties accounted for 10% of the dose. For the trifluoromethyl phenyl fragment, oxidation of the hydroxyimino group led to the formation of a nitro compound and oxidation of the methyl group resulted in the formation of the carboxylic acid. In addition, hydrolysis of the imino group formed an intermediate ketone with succeeding reactions ultimately leading to trifluoromethyl benzoic acid. For the glyoxyl-phenyl moiety, oxidation resulted in the formation of a benzoic acid. O-demethylation of the methoxyimino group resulted in the hydroxyimino compound. Hydrolysis of the imino group yielded the a-keto acid followed by decarboxylation to the phthalic acid. Conjugates with glucuronide or sulfate were isolated from the bile. Four to 7% and 31 to 47% of the low and high doses, respectively, were eliminated in feces as the unmetabolized test material. The absorbed dose was predominantly isolated in the bile. Further processing returned the test material and/or metabolites to the intestinal tract and elimination in the feces or reuptake via the enterohepatic pathway.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：三氟戊菌胺是一种白色粉末。它被用作农业杀菌剂。人类暴露和毒性：三氟戊菌胺如果通过皮肤吸收是有害的。长时间或频繁的皮肤接触可能会使某些人产生过敏反应。动物研究：在小鼠和大鼠口服、家兔经皮以及大鼠吸入途径中，三氟戊菌胺被认为是低急性毒性的。在大鼠急性灌胃或亚慢性饮食给药后，三氟戊菌胺没有显示出选择性的神经毒性。在大鼠中，处理对交配、生育或窝仔数没有相关影响。在S. typhimurium TA98、TA100、TA102、TA1535或TA1357菌株以及E. coli WP2 uvrA菌株（无论有无代谢激活）中，三氟戊菌胺没有表现出诱变性。生态毒性研究：三氟戊菌胺对非目标水生生物有毒。三氟戊菌胺可能会影响抗氧化酶的活动，干扰小球藻的光合作用，并损害细胞结构。三氟戊菌胺对鱼类胚胎高度有毒。对水蚤（Daphnia magna）非常有毒，即使在环境相关浓度下也可能对其造成伤害。三氟戊菌胺对黑头呆鱼（sheepshead minnows）极具毒性。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Trifloxystrobin is a white powder. It is used as agricultural fungicide. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Trifloxystrobin is harmful if absorbed through skin. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. ANIMAL STUDIES: Trifloxystrobin was considered to be of low acute toxicity by the oral route in mice and rats, by the dermal route in rabbits, and by the inhalation route in rats. Trifloxystrobin was not selectively neurotoxic following acute gavage or subchronic dietary administration in rats. There were no treatment-related effects upon the mating, fertility, or litter size in rats. It was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, or TA1357, or in E. coli strain WP2 uvrA with and without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Trifloxystrobin is toxic to nontarget aquatic organisms. Trifloxystrobin could affect the activities of antioxidant enzymes, disrupt photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris, and damage cellular structure. Trifloxystrobin is highly toxic to fish embryos. It is very toxic to Daphnia magna and can cause harm to D. magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. Trifloxystrobin was very highly toxic to sheepshead minnows.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

癌症分类：不太可能对人类致癌

Cancer Classification: Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 毒性数据

LC50 (大鼠) > 4,646 mg/m³

LC50 (rat) > 4,646 mg/m3

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

获得医疗援助。眼睛：立即用大量流动水冲洗。皮肤：用大量肥皂和水冲洗；移除受污染的衣物。吸入：将受害者移至新鲜空气处。如有必要，施行人工呼吸。

Get medical aid. Eyes: Immediately rinse with plenty of running water. Skin: Flush with plenty of soap and water; remove contaminated clothing. Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if necessary.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

雄性和雌性大鼠通过灌胃给予[Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C]（比活度范围：54.3至63.5 uCi/mg，放射化学纯度范围：>97至>99%）或[Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C]/三氟菌灵/（CGA-279202）（比活度：59.2 uCi/mg，放射化学纯度：>99%）。除了D2组外，所有组的大鼠都被给予[Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C]-/三氟菌灵/（CGA 279202）。在B1和D1组中，收集了5只/性别，分别以0.5或100 mg/kg测试材料处理的动物的尿液和粪便样本，持续7天。对于C1组，5只/性别的动物先用0.5 mg/kg未标记的/三氟菌灵/（CGA 279202）（纯度：99.7%）预处理14天，然后给予0.5 mg/kg标记的测试材料。同样从这些动物中收集了长达7天的尿液和粪便样本。在D2组中，5只/性别的动物被给予100 mg/kg的[Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C]/三氟菌灵/（CGA-279202），并收集了长达7天的尿液和粪便样本。F1和5组以及F2和6组的12只/性别动物分别被给予0.5或100 mg/kg的测试材料。根据先前组别得出的药代动力学测定，在4个时间点确定了组织残留量。G组动物的胆管被插管。在G1和3组中，6只雄性和5只雌性动物被给予0.5 mg/kg的测试材料。在G2和4组中，分别有6只雄性和4只雌性动物被给予100 mg/kg的测试材料。在低剂量水平，剂量的56至65%被吸收，其中41至47%的剂量从胆汁中回收。在高剂量组中，剂量的25至45%被吸收，其中19至35%的剂量从胆汁中回收。在低剂量处理中，雄性动物的剂量中有18至19%和79%分别通过尿液和粪便排出。对于雌性动物，35至42%通过尿液排出，56至63%通过粪便排出。用未标记的测试材料预处理并未改变排泄模式。在高剂量组中，雄性动物分别通过尿液和粪便排出10至12%和82至84%。雌性动物通过尿液排出27%，通过粪便排出64至66%。D2组动物呼出的气体中回收到的放射性标记物非常少。组织中的放射性标记物减少的半衰期从13至42小时不等，除了高剂量雌性动物的脾脏和血液（分别为68和82小时）。血液中测试材料达到最大浓度的 times 是给药后12至24小时。达到最大浓度的时间范围是给药后23至67小时。在7天后，尸体中的放射性标记物残留非常少，仅回收了给药剂量的0.3至0.5%。

Male and female rats were dosed by gavage with either [Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C] (spec. act. range: 54.3 to 63.5 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity range: >97 to >99%) or [Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-14C] /trifloxystrobin/ (CGA- 279202) (spec. act.: 59.2 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity: >99%). For all of the groups except D2, the animals were dosed with [Glyoxyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C]-/trifloxystrobin/ (CGA 279202). In Groups B1 and D1, urine and feces samples were collected up to 7 days from 5 animals/sex dosed with 0.5 or 100 mg/kg of the test material, respectively. For Group C1, 5 animals/sex were pretreated for 14 days with 0.5 mg/kg of unlabelled /trifloxystrobin/ (CGA 279202) (purity: 99.7%), followed by 0.5 mg/kg of the labelled test material. Urine and feces samples were likewise collected from these animals for up to 7 days. In Group D2, 5 animals/sex were dosed with 100 mg/kg of [Trifluormethyl-Phenyl-(U)-(14)C] /trifloxystrobin/ (CGA-279202) and urine and feces samples were collected up to 7 days. Twelve animals/sex were dosed with either 0.5 or 100 mg/kg of the test material in Groups F1 and 5 and Groups F2 and 6, respectively. Tissue residues were determined at 4 time points based upon pharmacokinetic determinations derived from the previous groups. The bile ducts of animals in Group G were cannulated. In Groups G1 and 3, 6 males and 5 females were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of the test material. Six males and 4 females were dosed with 100 mg/kg of the test material in Groups G2 and 4, respectively. At the low dose level, 56 to 65% of the dose was absorbed with 41 to 47% of the dose recovered from the bile. In the high dose group, 25 to 45% of the dose was absorbed with 19 to 35% of the dose recovered from the bile. In the low dose treatment, 18 to 19% and 79% of the dose was excreted in the urine and feces, respectively, of the males. For the females, 35 to 42% was excreted in the urine and 56 to 63% in the feces. Pretreatment with unlabelled test material did not alter the pattern of excretion. In the high dose groups, the males excreted 10 to 12% and 82 to 84% in the urine and feces, respectively. The females excreted 27% in the urine and 64 to 66% in the feces. Very minimal levels of radiolabel were recovered from the expired air of the animals in Group D2. The half lives for the depletion of radiolabel from the tissues ranged from 13 to 42 hours except for the spleen and blood of the high dose females (68 and 82 hours, respectively). The times to maximal concentration of the test material in the blood were either 12 to 24 hours after dosing. The times to maximal concentration ranged from 23 to 67 hours after dosing. Residual retention of the radiolabel in the carcass after 7 days was very minimal with 0.3 to 0.5% of the dose administered recovered.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

三氟苯醚菌胺通过胃肠道中等程度地被吸收并迅速分布。在低剂量组中，大约56%和65%的给药剂量（AD）分别在男性和女性中被吸收（基于尿液、粪便、胆汁和组织中的总回收量），其中胆汁中男性占41%，女性占47%。在高剂量组中，吸收程度分别为41%和27%，而胆汁含量分别为35%和19%，分别对应男性和女性。血液动力学显示，在两个性别中吸收率中等，有两个峰值（低剂量在0.5小时和12小时后，高剂量在12小时和24小时后）。在血液、肾脏、脾脏和肝脏中发现的残留物最高，并且两性别之间相似。放射性物质的排泄是迅速的。大约85-96%的剂量在48小时内被排出。排泄途径受动物性别的影响，女性通过尿液排出的量是男性的两倍，分别占剂量的27-42%和12-19%。通过粪便排出的量在男性和女性中分别占剂量的79-82%和56-64%。在两性别中，胆汁排泄是主要的排泄途径。消除过程中存在肠肝短路机制的参与。

Trifloxystrobin was moderately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly distributed. In the low-dose group, approximately 56% and 65% administered dose (AD) was absorbed in males and females respectively (based on the total recovery from urine, feces, bile and tissues), with 41 and 47% being in bile of males and females, respectively. In the high-dose, group, the degree of absorption was 41 and 27%, while the bile content was 35% and 19%, respectively for males and females. The blood kinetics revealed a moderate absorption rate in both sexes with two peaks (after 0.5 and 12 hours at the low dose and 12 and 24 hours at the high dose). The highest residues were found in blood, kidneys, spleen and liver and were comparable between sexes. Excretion of the radioactivity was rapid. Approximately 85-96% of the dose was excreted within 48 hours. The route of elimination was influenced by the sex of the animals, females eliminated twice the amount with the urine than males, accounting for 27-42% and 12-19% of the dose, respectively. The amounts excreted via feces were 79-82% and 56-64% of the dose in males and females, respectively. In both sexes biliary excretion was the major route of elimination. The involvement of an enterohepatic shunt mechanism in the elimination process is indicated.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

制备方法与用途

根据提供的信息，以下是对肟菌酯的主要特点和应用进行总结：

主要特点：

1. 化学性质：肟菌酯是一种甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂，具有广谱的抗菌活性。
2. 作用机理：通过抑制细胞线粒体呼吸，从而阻止三磷酸腺苷（ATP）合成来发挥抑菌效果。
3. 抗药性管理：不单独使用，而是与化学结构和作用机制不同的三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇混配使用，以延缓抗药性的产生。
4. 环境安全性：
   • 育鱼方面高毒、对水生生物风险较高。
   • 对鸟类、蜜蜂、家蚕和蚯蚓等非靶标生物低毒。
5. 合成路线：通过邻甲基苯胺为起始原料，经过一系列有机反应最终制得肟菌酯原药。

应用：

1. 作物病害防治：广泛用于防治黄瓜白粉病、炭疽病和番茄早疫等常见植物病害。
2. 混合制剂：常与戊唑醇混配使用，以提高杀菌效果并延缓抗性产生。
3. 施药方法及用量：
   • 施药剂量：每公顷112.5~168.75g有效成分（约150~225克/公顷水分散粒剂）。
   • 应用次数和间隔：一般在生长季节内使用3次，每次用药间隔为7天。在黄瓜和番茄上的最高施用量不超过每亩15克，安全间隔期为5天。

使用注意事项：

• 避免药液污染水源或通过其他方式进入水体。
• 注意保护蜜蜂、家蚕等敏感生物。
• 严格遵守推荐剂量使用，避免过量或频繁用药引起抗性问题。

综上所述，肟菌酯作为一种高效广谱的甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂，在植物病害防治方面具有广泛应用前景。合理使用并结合其他化学物质混配可以提高药效同时降低潜在风险。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  methyl (Z,E)-α-methoxyimino-2-[({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxymethyl]benzeneacetate 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 生成 trifloxystrobin TP3
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Environmental Fate of Trifloxystrobin in Soils of Different Geographical Origins and Photolytic Degradation in Water

  摘要：

  In vitro biodegradation of trifloxystrobin (TFS) under darkness could best be explained by two-compartment first + first-order rate kinetics with half-lives ranging between 1.8 and 2.3 days. Hydrolysis was found to be the major pathway of degradation resulting in the formation of the acid metabolite, TFS-acid, with an EE conformation. The adsorption rate kinetics of both TFS and TFS-acid followed linear and Freundlich isotherms. The extent of adsorption was directly correlated with organic matter and clay contents, whereas desorption had a negative correlation. The high partition coefficients (K-D) indicate strong adsorption of TFS on all of the test soils without any appreciable risk of groundwater contamination. In case of the TFS-acid, however, the adsorption was weaker; hence, if its further degradation is slow, it may contaminate lower soil horizons under worst case conditions. TFS did not cause any adverse effect on the soil microbial population. TFS was susceptible to aquatic photolysis in summer with an environmental half-life of 0.7-1.3 days irrespective of the latitudes.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jf0620214
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  肟菌酯 以 丙酮 为溶剂， 生成 methyl (Z,E)-α-methoxyimino-2-[({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxymethyl]benzeneacetate 、 methyl (Z,Z)-α-methoxyimino-2-[({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxymethyl]benzeneacetate 、 trifloxystrobin
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Environmental Fate of Trifloxystrobin in Soils of Different Geographical Origins and Photolytic Degradation in Water

  摘要：

  In vitro biodegradation of trifloxystrobin (TFS) under darkness could best be explained by two-compartment first + first-order rate kinetics with half-lives ranging between 1.8 and 2.3 days. Hydrolysis was found to be the major pathway of degradation resulting in the formation of the acid metabolite, TFS-acid, with an EE conformation. The adsorption rate kinetics of both TFS and TFS-acid followed linear and Freundlich isotherms. The extent of adsorption was directly correlated with organic matter and clay contents, whereas desorption had a negative correlation. The high partition coefficients (K-D) indicate strong adsorption of TFS on all of the test soils without any appreciable risk of groundwater contamination. In case of the TFS-acid, however, the adsorption was weaker; hence, if its further degradation is slow, it may contaminate lower soil horizons under worst case conditions. TFS did not cause any adverse effect on the soil microbial population. TFS was susceptible to aquatic photolysis in summer with an environmental half-life of 0.7-1.3 days irrespective of the latitudes.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jf0620214

文献信息

• Substituted Para-Trifluoromethyl Phenylate Compounds And Its Preparation And Use Thereof
  申请人：Liu Changling

  公开号：US20080188468A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-08-07

  The invention relates to substituted para-trifluoromethyl phenyl ether compounds and its preparation and use thereof especially. The substituted para-trifluoromethyl phenyl ether compounds of the invention having general formula (I): The substitutes see Description. The compounds of present invention have broad-spectrum activity, and may be used to control diseases in all sorts of plants caused by oomycete, basidiomycete, ascomycete pathogens and deuteromycete, and it may also provide good control efficacy at very low dosage because of the high activity. The compounds of the invention have good insecticidal activity and have good activity against many pests, especially for Carmine spider mite. The compounds are fit for synthetical control against many kinds of pests.

  该发明涉及取代对三氟甲基苯醚化合物及其制备和使用，特别是。该发明的取代对三氟甲基苯醚化合物具有通式（I）：有关取代物请参阅说明书。本发明的化合物具有广谱活性，并可用于控制由卵菌、担子菌、子囊菌病原体和假霉菌引起的各种植物病害，由于其高活性，也可在极低剂量下提供良好的控制效果。该发明的化合物具有良好的杀虫活性，对许多害虫具有良好的活性，特别是对胭脂蜘蛛螨。这些化合物适用于合成控制许多种害虫。
• Methods for removing contaminants from plant-derived pharmaceuticals
  申请人：Sorbent Technologies, Inc.

  公开号：US11026985B2

  公开（公告）日：2021-06-08

  Methods of removing contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides from plant-derived pharmaceuticals, such as Cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals, are disclosed. Plant-derived pharmaceuticals, such as Cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals, and methods of using the plant-derived pharmaceuticals are also disclosed.

  公开了从植物衍生药物（如大麻衍生药物）中去除污染物（如杀虫剂、除草剂和杀真菌剂）的方法。还公开了植物衍生药物（如大麻衍生药物）和使用植物衍生药物的方法。
• US7947734B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US7947734B2

  公开（公告）日：2011-05-24
• Environmental Fate of Trifloxystrobin in Soils of Different Geographical Origins and Photolytic Degradation in Water
  作者：Kaushik Banerjee、Axel Patrick Ligon、Michael Spiteller

  DOI：10.1021/jf0620214

  日期：2006.12.1

  In vitro biodegradation of trifloxystrobin (TFS) under darkness could best be explained by two-compartment first + first-order rate kinetics with half-lives ranging between 1.8 and 2.3 days. Hydrolysis was found to be the major pathway of degradation resulting in the formation of the acid metabolite, TFS-acid, with an EE conformation. The adsorption rate kinetics of both TFS and TFS-acid followed linear and Freundlich isotherms. The extent of adsorption was directly correlated with organic matter and clay contents, whereas desorption had a negative correlation. The high partition coefficients (K-D) indicate strong adsorption of TFS on all of the test soils without any appreciable risk of groundwater contamination. In case of the TFS-acid, however, the adsorption was weaker; hence, if its further degradation is slow, it may contaminate lower soil horizons under worst case conditions. TFS did not cause any adverse effect on the soil microbial population. TFS was susceptible to aquatic photolysis in summer with an environmental half-life of 0.7-1.3 days irrespective of the latitudes.