Highly Potent Synthetic Polyamides, Bisdistamycins, and Lexitropsins as Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase
作者:Nouri Neamati、Abhijit Mazumder、Sanjay Sunder、Joshua M. Owen、Manju Tandon、J. William Lown、Yves Pommier
DOI:10.1124/mol.54.2.280
日期:1998.8.1
Alignment of the available human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral DNA termini [U5 and U3 long terminal repeats (LTRs)] shows a high degree of conservation and the presence of a stretch of five or six consecutive adenine and thymine (AT) sequences ∼10 nucleotides away from each LTR end. A series of AT-selective minor-groove binders, including distamycin and bisdistamycins, bisnetropsins, novel lexitropsins, and the classic monomeric DNA binders Hoechst 33258, 4′-diamino-2-phenylindole, pentamidine, berenil, spermine, and spermidine, were tested for their inhibitory activities against HIV-1 integrase (IN). Although netropsin, distamycin, and all other monomeric DNA binders showed weak activities in the range of 50–200 μm, some of the polyamides, bisdistamycins, and lexitropsins were remarkably active at nanomolar concentrations. Bisdistamycins were 200 times less potent when the conserved AAAAT stretch present in the U5 LTR was replaced with GGGGG, consistent with the preferred binding of these drugs to AT sequences. DNase I footprinting of the U5 LTR further demonstrated the selectivity of these bisdistamycins for the conserved AT sequence. The tested compounds were more potent in Mg+2 than in Mn+2and inhibited IN50–212 deletion mutant in disintegration assays and the formation of IN/DNA complexes. The lexitropsins also were active against HIV-2 IN. Some of the synthetic polyamides exhibited significant antiviral activity. Taken together, these data suggest that selective targeting of the U5 and U3 ends of the HIV-1 LTRs can inhibit IN function. Polyamides might represent new leads for the development of antiviral agents against acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
现有人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型(HIV-1)病毒 DNA 端部[U5 和 U3 长末端重复序列(LTR)]的比对结果表明,病毒 DNA 端部具有高度的守恒性,并且在每个 LTR 端部的 10 个核苷酸之外存在一段由 5 或 6 个连续腺嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶(AT)序列组成的区域。我们测试了一系列 AT 选择性小沟结合剂对 HIV-1 整合酶(IN)的抑制活性,这些结合剂包括多粘菌素和双多粘菌素、双内托菌素、新型莱克西托菌素,以及经典的单体 DNA 结合剂 Hoechst 33258、4′-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚、喷他脒、贝瑞尼尔、精胺和亚精胺。虽然内托霉素、多达霉素和所有其他单体 DNA 结合剂在 50-200 μm 的范围内表现出微弱的活性,但一些多酰胺、双双霉素和莱克西托品在纳摩尔浓度下具有显著的活性。当 U5 LTR 中的 AAAAT 保守区段被 GGGGG 取代时,双螺旋霉素的效力降低了 200 倍,这与这些药物倾向于与 AT 序列结合是一致的。U5 LTR 的 DNase I 基底分析进一步证明了这些双二司马霉素对保守 AT 序列的选择性。受试化合物在 Mg+2 中的作用比在 Mn+2 中更强,在崩解试验和 IN/DNA 复合物的形成中对 IN50-212 缺失突变体有抑制作用。雷克曲普酶对 HIV-2 IN 也有活性。一些合成多酰胺具有显著的抗病毒活性。综上所述,这些数据表明,选择性靶向 HIV-1 LTR 的 U5 和 U3 端可抑制 IN 的功能。多酰胺可能是开发获得性免疫缺陷综合征抗病毒药物的新线索。