Delineating Origins of Stereocontrol in Asymmetric Pd-Catalyzed α-Hydroxylation of 1,3-Ketoesters
摘要:
Systematic studies of reaction conditions and subsequent optimization led to the identification of important parameters for stereoselectivity in the asymmetric alpha-hydroxylation reaction of 1,3-ketoesters. Enantioselectivities of up to 98% can be achieved for cyclic substrates and 88% for acyclic ketoesters. Subsequently, the combination of cyclic/acyclic ketoester, catalyst, and oxidant was found to have a profound effect on reaction rates and turnover-limiting steps. The stereochemistry of the reaction contradicts that observed for other similar electrophilic substitution reactions. This was rationalized by transition-state modeling, which revealed a number of cooperative weak interactions between oxidant, ligand, and counterion, together with C-H/pi interactions that cumulatively account for the unusual stereoselectivity.
A highlyefficient asymmetric amination of β-ketoesters was achieved under phase transfer conditions using chiral quaternary ammonium bromide as a catalyst. The amination products were obtained in quantitative yields with up to 97% ee. One of the amination products represents a key intermediate for the preparation of aldose reductase inhibitor AS-3201.
Binaphthyl-Modified Quaternary Phosphonium Salts as Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts: Application to Asymmetric Amination of β-Keto Esters
作者:Keiji Maruoka、Rongjun He
DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1216848
日期:2009.7
A chiral quaternary tetraalkylphosphonium salt has been successfully utilized for the first time as a phase-transfer catalyst for asymmetric amination of β-keto esters in high yield with high ee. Asymmetric amination of a cyclic five-membered β-keto ester is a valuable method for preparing a key intermediate for asymmetric synthesis of aldose reductase inhibitor AS-3201 (Ranirestat). amination - asymmetric