Aldrin, liquid appears as a solution in oil of aldrin, a noncombustible water-insoluble solid. Used as an insecticide. Mixed with a flammable carrier solvent.
颜色/状态：
Colorless needles
气味：
... Mild chemical odor ...
沸点：
145 °C at 2 mm Hg
熔点：
104 °C
闪点：
Approximately 150F or higher (EPA, 1998)
溶解度：
In water, 170 mg/l @ 25 °C
密度：
1.6 at 20 °C/4 °C (solid)
蒸汽压力：
1.20X10-4 mm Hg @ 25 °C
亨利常数：
Henry's Law constant = 4.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C
稳定性/保质期：
Thermally stable up to 200 °C. Stable between pH 4 and 8.
分解：
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
腐蚀性：
NONCORROSIVE TO STEEL, BRASS, MONEL, COPPER, NICKEL, ALUMINUM
DOMINANT REACTION OF ALDRIN IS EPOXIDATION AT DOUBLE BOND TO FORM 6,7-EPOXIDE B DIELDRIN. ... /SRP: THIS OXIDN CAN BE PHOTOCHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL (MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES) & OCCURS/ IN SOILS, PLANT TISSUES, & IN ALL ANIMALS STUDIED. ... ALDRIN IS ALSO DEGRADED IN PLANTS & ANIMALS TO HEXACHLORO-HEXAHYDRO-1,4-ENDO-METHYLENE-INDENE-5,7-DICARBOXYLIC ACID & TO ALDRIN-TRANS-DIOL. IN ANIMALS 5-HYDROXYDIELDRIN, 9-KETO-DIELDRIN & KETO-PHOTODIELDRIN ARE ... FORMED AS EXCRETORY METABOLITES. BEFORE EXCRETION THE HYDROXY METABOLITES ARE LARGELY CONJUGATED.
THE MOST EXTENSIVELY DEGRADED EXCRETION PRODUCT OF ALDRIN & DIELDRIN REPORTED ... IS A HEXACHLORINATED DICARBOXYLIC ACID /4,5-SECO-ALDRIN-4,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID/, & IT HAS BEEN WIDELY ASSUMED THAT THIS IS A TERMINAL MAMMALIAN METABOLITE. THIS ASSUMPTION ... /IS/ DISCREDITED BY IDENTIFICATION OF TWO PENTACHLORINATED DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (22%) IN URINE OF RATS DOSED IV (3.5 MG/KG) WITH ... /4,5-SECO-ALDRIN-4,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID/.
TIME COURSES (0-100 DAYS) OF UPTAKE & METABOLISM OF ALDRIN & DIELDRIN ADDED AT SUBCULTURE TO SUSPENSION CULTURES FROM PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (FRENCH BEAN) ROOT & SHOOT & SOLANUM TUBEROSUM (POTATO) TUBER WERE COMPARABLE, WITH RAPID DIELDRIN PRODN & DELAYED APPEARANCE OF OTHER METABOLITES. WHEN ALDRIN & DIELDRIN WERE ADDED TO PHASEOLUS CULTURES AT 10 OR 20 DAYS AFTER SUBCULTURE, USUAL EXTENT OF CONVERSION OF ALDRIN TO DIELDRIN OCCURRED, BUT WITH REDUCED PRODN OF OTHER METABOLITES. DIELDRIN PRODN WAS MAXIMUM DURING RAPID GROWTH PHASE & PROBABLY INDEPENDENT OF OTHER CONVERSIONS.
In microsomes from rat liver, aldrin epoxidation into dieldrin was stimulated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide . ... In microsomes from seminal vesicles and granulation tissue, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide had no effect on aldrin epoxidation. ... Apparently, in the liver, aldrin is epoxidized by monooxygenase pathway, in granulation tissue and seminal vesicles by prostaglandin synthase-mediated pathway, and in the lung by both pathways.
IDENTIFICATION: Aldrin is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. Pure aldrin is a white crystalline solid. Technical grade aldrin is tan in color. Aldrin has been used in various formulations which include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules, dusts and solutions in hydrocarbon liquids. Aldrin has a mild chemical odor, and is very soluble in most organic solvents (aromatics, esters, ketones, paraffins and halogenated solvents. Impurities of aldrin include octachlorocyclopentene, hexachlorobutadiene, toluene and a mixture of compounds formed by polymerization during the aldrin reaction along with carbonyl compounds. Aldrin is very effective soil insecticide and has been used to treat seeds. It has been used to control termites, corn root worms, seed corn beetle and maggot, wire worms, rice water weevil, grasshoppers and Japanese beetles. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The CNS seems to be the primary site with resultant seizures. Toxic exposures produce tremors, giddiness, hyperexcitability, seizures and comas. Poisoning occurs mainly through absorption through the skin. Epidemiological studies do not show any carcinogenic risk. Absorption can occur by inhalation, dermal and gastrointestinal routes. Clinical toxicity from aldrin actually is due to its rapid metabolism in the body to dieldrin. Symptoms reflect CNS toxicity due to GABA neurotransmission inhibition. Headache, tremors, hyperexcitability, seizures and comas have been noted. Respiratory absorption occurs, expiratory aldrin concentrations are decreased compared to inspired concentrations. Aldrin is rapidly converted to dieldrin primarily in the liver. Consequently little aldrin is found in the blood or tissues. Autopsy cases show dieldrin levels in the brain, liver and adipose tissue. After chronic oral human administration, blood dieldrin concentrations decreases exponentially following first order kinetics with an estimated half life of 369 days. Elimination occurs primarily through the feces via the bile. 9-Hydroxydieldrin seems to be the major metabolite excreted. Dieldrin is also excreted in the breast milk. Small amounts of dieldrin metabolites are excreted in the urine after either topical or iv administration. Dieldrin metabolites may also be found in the urine after ingestion. There have been a few cases of aldrin toxicity in children with resulting signs of CNS stimulation similar to adults. Death has resulted after acute ingestion. The fetus concentrates dieldrin, and the possibility of contaminated breast milk consumption increase the risk of CNS effects in the very young. Increased sister chromatid exchanges and exchange type chromosome aberrations were noted in floriculturists after exposure to several pesticides including aldrin. Cardiovascular complications include blood pressure fluctuations and tachycardia after overdose. Blood urea nitrogen levels, gross hematuria and albuminuria for several days after an acute overdose was noted. No dermatitis was seen in pesticide manufacturing workers. Normal hematological parameters were noted in pesticide manufacturing workers during at least a four years of follow up. ANIMAL/BACTERIAL/VIRAL/CELL STUDIES: Inhalation exposure to aldrin in several species resulted in death. Single dermal applications of aldrin in xylene produced death in test animals. Oral administration of aldrin to rats causes convulsions. Aldrin induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in SV-40 transformed human fibroblast cells (VA-4) both in the presence and absence of rat liver microsomes, The DNA breakage rates in Escherichia coli plasmid after treatment with aldrin or dieldrin did not differ from those in untreated plasma DNA suggesting that, at least in these studies, the compounds did not interact directly with DNA. The effects of aldrin and dieldrin on the uptake of tritiated thymidine by cultured rat thymocytes and human lymphocytes were tested under different experimental conditions. Both compounds appeared to have marginal effects on thymidine uptake, suggesting inhibition of DNA synthesis. Aldrin and dieldrin did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes. In the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test using freshly isolated hepatocytes of high metabolic capability to monitor the production of DNA damage by measuring DNA repair synthesis. Aldrin and dieldrin gave equivocal results concerning DNA repair, but there was no damage to DNA. Aldrin induced DNA strand breaks in an alkaline elution rat hepatocyte assay. Both aldrin and dieldrin inhibited gap junctional intercellular communication between 6-thioguanine sensitive and 6-thioguanine resistant human teratocarcinoma cells in culture. No increased incidence of malignant neoplasms have been found in several studies. In animal assays there was an increased incidence of hepatic tumors including hepatocellular adenomas. In animal studies, aldrin did cause an increase in fetal mortality, increased incidence of cleft palate and webbed foot and a decreased postnatal survival have been reported.[
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
人类致癌性证据不足。动物致癌性证据有限。总体评估：第3组：该物质对人类致癌性无法分类。
Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类：B2组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Orally administered aldrin produced significant increases in tumor responses in three different strains of mice in both males and females. Tumor induction has been observed for structurally related chemicals, including dieldrin, a metabolite. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.
Within the framework of EPA's Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, it is proposed that the most appropriate cancer risk descriptor for aldrin/dieldrin, relating to the mouse liver tumor response, is 'not likely a human carcinogen', a descriptor consistent with the example of phenobarbital cited by EPA.
MATERNAL BLOOD, PLACENTA, & UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD OF SAME MOTHER/CHILD PAIR WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE TRANSFER FROM MOTHER TO FETUS IN STUDY OF 100 WOMEN. ALDRIN WAS DETECTED IN ALL SAMPLES ANALYZED, INDICATING PLACENTAL TRANSFER. CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN PESTICIDE CONCN & AGE, DIETETIC HABITS & AREA OF RESIDENCE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在血浆中，阿德林和狄尔德林主要与α-和β-脂蛋白组分相关联。
IN PLASMA, BOTH ALDRIN & DIELDRIN ARE ASSOCIATED MAINLY WITH ALPHA- & BETA-LIPOPROTEIN FRACTIONS ... .
ALDRIN HAS NOT BEEN FOUND IN ... GENERAL POPULATION OR ... IN BODY FAT OF MEN ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING IT; ONLY TRACES ARE FOUND IN BLOOD OF SUCH MEN. PERSONS ACUTELY POISONED ... MAKE THE CONVERSION /TO DIELDRIN/ ... RAPIDLY.
(36)CL ALDRIN ... IS RAPIDLY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL ADMIN TO RATS & WEANLING PIGS & BECOME LOCALIZED IN LIVER & FAT DEPOTS, FROM WHICH ... IT IS ONLY SLOWLY EXCRETED. (14)C ALDRIN FED TO RATS IS EXCRETED IN FECES (90% OF DOSE IN TWELVE WK) & URINE (10%), AS MIXT OF HYDROPHILIC METABOLITES TOGETHER WITH SMALL AMT OF UNCHANGED ALDRIN & DIELDRIN.
