Key structural features of cis-cinnamic acid as an allelochemical
摘要:
1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. It is suggested that it derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid, which is crucial for phytotoxicity. It was synthesized to confirm its structure and bioactivity, and also a series of cis-cinnamic acid analogues were prepared to elucidate the key features of cis-cinnamic acid for lettuce root growth inhibition. The cis-cyclopropyl analogue showed potent inhibitory activity while the saturated and alkyne analogues proved to be inactive, demonstrating the importance of the as-double bond. Moreover, the aromatic ring could not be replaced with a saturated ring. However, the 1,3-dienylcyclo-hexene analogue showed strong activity. These results suggest that the geometry of the C-C double bond between the carboxyl group and the aromatic ring is essential for potent inhibitory activity. In addition, using several light sources, the photostability of the cinnamic acid derivatives and the role of the C-C double bond were also investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Semireduction of alkynoic acids via a transition metal-free α borylation-protodeborylation sequence
作者:Astha Verma、R. Justin Grams、Brett P. Rastatter、Webster L. Santos
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.030
日期:2019.4
A method for the semi-reduction of alkynoicacids through an α-borylation and subsequent protodeborylation mechanism has been developed. The transition metal-free protocol is achieved through the activation of bis(pinacolato)diboron by an in situ generated carboxylate moiety yielding aryl acrylic acids. Our studies demonstrate an unprecedented dual role for the carboxylate anion that involves the activation
1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. It is suggested that it derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid, which is crucial for phytotoxicity. It was synthesized to confirm its structure and bioactivity, and also a series of cis-cinnamic acid analogues were prepared to elucidate the key features of cis-cinnamic acid for lettuce root growth inhibition. The cis-cyclopropyl analogue showed potent inhibitory activity while the saturated and alkyne analogues proved to be inactive, demonstrating the importance of the as-double bond. Moreover, the aromatic ring could not be replaced with a saturated ring. However, the 1,3-dienylcyclo-hexene analogue showed strong activity. These results suggest that the geometry of the C-C double bond between the carboxyl group and the aromatic ring is essential for potent inhibitory activity. In addition, using several light sources, the photostability of the cinnamic acid derivatives and the role of the C-C double bond were also investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of Substituted 2-Pyridones via 6π-Electrocyclization of Dienyl Isocyanates
作者:Xiayun Cheng、Alexandria P. Taylor、Kaicheng Zhu
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.2c00258
日期:2022.5.6
A one-pot Curtius rearrangement of dienyl carboxylic acids followed by a 6π-electrocyclization process to form substituted 2-pyridone products has been developed. Dienyl isocyanates generated from aliphatic acids were more reactive than their aromatic counterparts. Additionally, substitution patterns of the carboxylic acids had an impact on the efficiency of the cyclization.