Synthesis of bis(ylidene) cyclohexanones and their antifungal activity against selected plant pathogenic fungi
作者:Ueveton Pimentel da Silva、Bruno Wesley Ferreira、Bianca Lana de Sousa、Robert Weingart Barreto、Felipe Terra Martins、João Honorato de A. Neto、Boniek Gontijo Vaz、Rodolfo Rodrigues da Silva、Thaís Viana Fialho Martins、Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes、Eduardo Vinícius Vieira Varejão
DOI:10.1007/s11030-022-10431-7
日期:2023.2
Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Hemileia vastatrix are three species of phytopathogenic fungi behind major crop losses worldwide. These have been selected as target models for testing the fungicide potential of a series of bis(ylidene) cyclohexanones. Although some compounds of this chemical class are known to have inhibitory activity against human pathogens, they have never been explored for the control of phytopathogens until now. In the present work, bis(ylidene) cyclohexanones were synthesized through simple, fast and low-cost base- or acid-catalyzed aldol condensation reaction and tested in vitro against B. cinerea, R. solani and H. vastatrix. bis(pyridylmethylene) cyclohexanones showed the highest activity against the target fungi. When tested at 200 nmol per mycelial plug against R. solani., these compounds completely inhibited the mycelial growth, and the most active bis(pyridylmethylene) cyclohexanone compound had an IC50 of 155.5 nmol plug−1. Additionally, bis(pyridylmethylene) cyclohexanones completely inhibited urediniospore germination of H. vastatrix, at 125 μmol L−1. The most active bis(pyridylmethylene) cyclohexanone had an IC50 value of 4.8 µmol L−1, which was estimated as approximately 2.6 times lower than that found for the copper oxychloride-based fungicide, used as control. Additionally, these substances had a low cytotoxicity against the mammalian Vero cell line. Finally, in silico calculations indicated that these compounds present physicochemical parameters regarded as suitable for agrochemicals. Bis(ylidene) cyclohexanones may constitute promising candidates for the development of novel antifungal agents for the control of relevant fungal diseases in agriculture.
灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、根霉病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和半知菌(Hemileia vastatrix)是导致全球作物遭受重大损失的三种植物病原真菌。这些真菌被选为目标模型,用于测试一系列双(亚甲基)环己酮的杀菌潜力。虽然已知该化学类别的一些化合物对人类病原体具有抑制活性,但直到现在,人们还从未探索过它们对植物病原体的控制作用。本研究通过简单、快速和低成本的碱或酸催化醛醇缩合反应合成了双(亚甲基吡啶)环己酮,并对 B. cinerea、R. solani 和 H. vastatrix 进行了体外测试。当以 200 nmol/菌丝栓测试 R. solani.时,这些化合物完全抑制了菌丝的生长,活性最强的双(吡啶亚甲基)环己酮化合物的 IC50 为 155.5 nmol 栓-1。此外,双(吡啶基亚甲基)环己酮化合物在 125 μmol L-1 的浓度下完全抑制了 H. vastatrix 的楔形孢子萌发。活性最强的双(吡啶基亚甲基)环己酮的 IC50 值为 4.8 μmol L-1,估计比用作对照的氧氯化铜杀菌剂低约 2.6 倍。此外,这些物质对哺乳动物 Vero 细胞系的细胞毒性较低。最后,硅学计算表明,这些化合物具有适合用作农用化学品的物理化学参数。双(亚乙基)环己酮可能是开发新型抗真菌剂的理想候选物质,可用于控制农业中的相关真菌疾病。