ABSTRACTThe compatible solute mannosylglucosylglycerate (MGG), recently identified inPetrotoga miotherma, also accumulates inPetrotoga mobilisin response to hyperosmotic conditions and supraoptimal growth temperatures. Two functionally connected genes encoding a glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (GpgS) and an unknown glycosyltransferase (gene Pmob_1143), which we functionally characterized as a mannosylglucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase and designated MggA, were identified in the genome ofPtg. mobilis. This enzyme used the product of GpgS, glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate (GPG), as well as GDP-mannose to produce mannosylglucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate (MGPG), the phosphorylated precursor of MGG. The MGPG dephosphorylation was determined in cell extracts, and the native enzyme was partially purified and characterized. Surprisingly, a gene encoding a putative glucosylglycerate synthase (Ggs) was also identified in the genome ofPtg. mobilis, and an active Ggs capable of producing glucosylglycerate (GG) from ADP-glucose andd-glycerate was detected in cell extracts and the recombinant enzyme was characterized, as well. Since GG has never been identified in this organism nor was it a substrate for the MggA, we anticipated the existence of a nonphosphorylating pathway for MGG synthesis. We putatively identified the corresponding gene, whose product had some sequence homology with MggA, but it was not possible to recombinantly express a functional enzyme fromPtg. mobilis, which we named mannosylglucosylglycerate synthase (MggS). In turn, a homologous gene fromThermotoga maritimawas successfully expressed, and the synthesis of MGG was confirmed from GDP-mannose and GG. Based on the measurements of the relevant enzyme activities in cell extracts and on the functional characterization of the key enzymes, we propose two alternative pathways for the synthesis of the rare compatible solute MGG inPtg. mobilis.
摘要最近在Petrotoga miotherma中发现的相容溶质甘露糖基甘油酸(MGG)也会在Petrotoga mobilis中积累,以应对高渗透条件和超理想生长温度。我们在莫比莱斯Petrotoga mobilis的基因组中发现了两个功能相关的基因,分别编码葡萄糖基-3-磷酸甘油酸合成酶(GpgS)和一个未知的糖基转移酶(基因Pmob_1143),我们将其功能定性为甘露糖基葡萄糖基-3-磷酸甘油酸合成酶,并命名为MggA。该酶利用 GpgS 的产物葡萄糖基-3-磷酸甘油酸(GPG)以及 GDP-甘露糖生成甘露糖基葡萄糖基-3-磷酸甘油酸(MGPG),即 MGG 的磷酸化前体。在细胞提取物中测定了 MGPG 的去磷酸化过程,并对原生酶进行了部分纯化和鉴定。令人惊奇的是,在 mobilis 蛋白基因组中还发现了一个编码推测的葡萄糖基甘油酸合成酶(Ggs)的基因,并且在细胞提取物中检测到了能够从 ADP-葡萄糖和甘油酸中产生葡萄糖基甘油酸(GG)的活性 Ggs,重组酶也得到了表征。由于 GG 从未在该生物体内被发现,也不是 MggA 的底物,我们预计 MGG 的合成存在非磷酸化途径。我们初步确定了相应的基因,其产物与 MggA 有一定的序列同源性,但无法从 mobilis 蛋白中重组表达功能酶,我们将其命名为甘露糖基甘油酸合成酶(MggS)。反过来,我们成功地表达了来自海洋褐藻(Thermotoga maritimaw)的同源基因,并证实了 MGG 是由 GDP-甘露糖和 GG 合成的。根据对细胞提取物中相关酶活性的测定和关键酶的功能表征,我们提出了在 Ptg. mobilis 中合成稀有相容溶质 MGG 的两种替代途径。