acetic acid;zinc

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: acetic acid;zinc
• 化学式: C4H8O4Zn
• 分子量: 185.5
• InChiKey: ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.18
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  74.6
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：D；无法归类为人类致癌性。分类依据：基于人类和动物的不充分证据。人类致癌性数据：不充分。动物致癌性数据：不充分。/锌及其化合物/

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on inadequate evidence in humans and animals. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Zinc and compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

有机锌盐如锌天冬氨酸、锌乳清酸盐、锌组氨酸和锌醋酸盐能保护小鼠免受急性腹膜内乙醇挑战的致死性。钴、锆、锂和镁的盐也提供了类似的活动。有机锌盐与巯基化合物协同作用，保护小鼠，并且两类药剂之间看到了增强作用。

Organic zinc salts such as zinc aspartate, zinc orotate, zinc histidine and zinc acetate protected mice against the lethality of an acute intraperitoneal challenge with ethanol. A similar activity was also provided by salts of cobalt, zirconium, lithium, and magnesium. Organic zinc salts acted synergistically with sulfhydryl compounds in protecting the mice and potentiation between the two categories of agents was seen.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

锌对氯化汞诱导的大鼠肾脏脂质过氧化的影响进行了研究。在大鼠接受氯化汞（15微摩尔/千克，皮下注射）之前，给予锌醋酸盐（2.0纳米摩尔/千克，口服）两天，并在最后一次注射后6、12和24小时处死。在大鼠接受汞处理后12小时，肾脏发生了脂质过氧化，而锌预处理显著减少了汞诱导的脂质过氧化。在大鼠接受汞处理后12小时，观察到肾脏中维生素C和E含量的下降，而锌预处理预防了这种下降。在预先用锌处理的大鼠肾脏中，保护性酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的活性在注射汞后增加。非蛋白巯基含量（主要是谷胱甘肽）也显著上升。

The effect of zinc on mercuric chloride induced lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney was investigated. The rats received zinc acetate (2.0 nmol/kg, po) for 2 days before being given mercuric chloride (15 umol/kg, sc) and were killed 6, 12, and 24 hr after the last injection. Lipid peroxidation occurred in the rat kidney 12 hr after mercury administration, and this mercury induced lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by zinc pretreatment. A decrease in vitamin C and E contents in the kidney was observed 12 hr after the administration of mercury, and this decrease was prevented by zinc pretreatment. In the kidney of rats pretreated with zinc, the activities of the protective enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were increased after mercury injection. Non-protein sulfhydryl content (mostly glutathione) also rose markedly.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

与未使用醋酸锌的类似实验相比，向甲基二硫代氨基葡萄糖酸钠中加入少量醋酸锌，可以显著增加从预先用10毫克氯化镉/千克体重腹腔注射的小鼠肝脏和肾脏中动员出的镉的量。这两种处理方式均未导致镉大量转移到大脑。单独注射醋酸锌并没有产生这种效果。在给镉负荷动物饮用醋酸锌水的实验中，观察到肝脏和肾脏中的镉水平显著增加，这可能是通过锌介导的过程发生的。

In comparison with similar experiments in which no zinc acetate was used, the addition of small amounts of zinc acetate to sodium N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine produces a significant increase in the amount of cadmium mobilized from the liver and kidneys of mice loaded ip with 10 mg cadmium chloride/kg 2 wk prior to the initiation of treatment. Neither treatment results in the transport of significant amounts of cadmium to the brain. The injection of zinc acetate alone did not produce this effect. Experiments in which zinc acetate in drinking water was administered to cadmium loaded animals showed that the liver and kidney cadmium levels were significantly increased, presumably via zinc mediated processes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

锌盐的溶解度并不相同，这对于锌的吸收非常重要。锌盐的溶解度受到胃pH值的影响。健康受试者单次口服50毫克元素锌作为醋酸盐……在胃内pH值高（pH > 5）或低（pH < 3）的条件下。在低pH条件下锌醋酸盐的平均血浆锌曲线下面积（AL）和在高pH条件下的（AH）……分别为524和378……ug/hr/dL……

Zinc salts are not equal in solubility, which is important in zinc absorption. The solubility of zinc salts is affected by gastric pH. Healthy subjects were given a single oral dose of 50 mg elemental zinc as the acetate ... under either high (pH > 5) or low (pH < 3) intragastric pH conditions. The mean plasma zinc area under the curve for zinc acetate at low pH (AL) /and/ ... at high pH (AH) ... were 524 /and/ 378 ... ug/hr/dL ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

锌醋酸盐被消化道的吸收在动物中是变化的，在人类中吸收较差。在肝脏和胰腺中发生积累。肠道中可能对锌的摄入和排出进行一些调节。在大鼠和小鼠中，金属硫蛋白（一种低分子质量的细胞质金属蛋白）在这一过程中发挥了相当大的作用。主要通过粪便排出。尿液排泄可以忽略不计。

Absorption /of zinc acetate/ by the GI tract is variable in animals and poor in humans. Accumulation occurred in the liver and pancreas. Some regulation of intake and output of zinc probably takes place in the intestines. In rats and mice, metallothionein, a low-molecular-mass cytoplasmic metalloprotein, takes considerable part in this process. Excreted predominantly with feces. Urinary excretion is negligible.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在一项有志愿者参与的研究中，通过肠道灌注给予的醋酸锌溶液（0.1毫摩尔/升）中的大部分锌在小肠被吸收，其次是十二指肠和回肠（分别为每分钟每40厘米357、230或84纳摩尔/升）。在0.1-1.8毫摩尔/升的浓度下，吸收量呈线性增长。

In a study with human volunteers, most of the zinc in a zinc acetate solution (0.1 mmol/L) administered by intestinal perfusion was absorbed from the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and the ileum (357, 230 or 84 nmol/ liter per min per 40 cm respectively). The absorption showed a linear increase at concentrations of 0.1- 1.8 mmol/ L.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

从可溶性醋酸锌、硫酸锌...以及不溶性氧化锌中吸收锌的比较在十名志愿者中进行，他们每隔两周以不同形式口服50毫克锌。比较了各种形式锌的生物利用度，基于血浆锌水平和血浆曲线下面积（AUC）分析。所有形式的血浆峰值水平在大约2.5小时后观察到，但醋酸和硫酸形式的最大血浆锌浓度分别为221和225微克/分升，而氧化锌的血浆峰值水平仅为159微克/分升。当比较不同锌形式的AUC值时，发现氧化锌的生物利用度约为可溶性形式生物利用度的60%。/锌盐/

The absorption of zinc from soluble zinc acetate, zinc sulfate ... and insoluble zinc oxide was compared in ten human volunteers who were dosed orally with 50 mg Zn in various forms separated by two weeks intervals. Bioavailability of zinc from the various forms was compared on the basis of plasma zinc levels and area under the plasma curve (AUC) analysis. Plasma peak levels were observed after about 2.5 hours for all forms, but maximal plasma Zn concentration amounted to 221 and 225 ug/dL for the acetate and the sulphate form while the peak plasma level for Zn from the oxide was only 159 ug/dL. When AUC values for the different zinc forms were compared, it appeared that the bioavailability of zinc oxide was about 60% of the bioavailability of the soluble forms. /Zinc salts/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)