Hydroxyethylamine Based Phthalimides as New Class of Plasmepsin Hits: Design, Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation
作者:Anil K. Singh、Sumit Rathore、Yan Tang、Nathan E. Goldfarb、Ben M. Dunn、Vinoth Rajendran、Prahlad C. Ghosh、Neelu Singh、N. Latha、Brajendra K. Singh、Manmeet Rawat、Brijesh Rathi
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0139347
日期:——
A novel class of phthalimides functionalized with privileged scaffolds was designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of plasmepsin 2 (Ki: 0.99 ± 0.1 μM for 6u) and plasmepsin 4 (Ki: 3.3 ± 0.3 μM for 6t), enzymes found in the digestive vacuole of the plasmodium parasite and considered as crucial drug targets. Three compounds were identified as potential candidates for further development. The listed compounds were also assayed for their antimalarial efficacy against chloroquine (CQ) sensitive strain (3D7) of Plasmodium falciparum. Assay of twenty seven hydroxyethylamine derivatives revealed four (5e, 6j, 6o and 6s) as strongly active, which were further evaluated against CQ resistant strain (7GB) of P. falciparum. Compound 5e possessing the piperidinopiperidine moiety exhibited promising antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 1.16 ± 0.04 μM. Further, compounds 5e, 6j, 6o and 6s exhibited low cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line. Compound 6s possessing C2 symmetry was identified as the least cytotoxic with significant antimalarial activity (IC50: 1.30 ± 0.03 μM). The combined presence of hydroxyethylamine and cyclic amines (piperazines and piperidines) was observed as crucial for the activity. The current studies suggest that hydroxyethylamine based molecules act as potent antimalarial agent and may be helpful in drug development.
我们设计、合成并评估了一类新型邻苯二甲酰亚胺,并将其作为疟原虫消化液泡中的疟原蛋白酶 2(6u 的 Ki 值为 0.99 ± 0.1 μM)和疟原蛋白酶 4(6t 的 Ki 值为 3.3 ± 0.3 μM)的潜在抑制剂。三个化合物被确定为进一步开发的潜在候选化合物。还对所列化合物进行了抗恶性疟原虫氯喹(CQ)敏感株(3D7)的抗疟药效测定。在对 27 种羟乙基胺衍生物进行检测后发现,其中 4 种(5e、6j、6o 和 6s)具有很强的活性。具有哌啶基的化合物 5e 表现出良好的抗疟活性,其 IC50 为 1.16 ± 0.04 μM。此外,化合物 5e、6j、6o 和 6s 对 MCF-7 细胞系的细胞毒性较低。具有 C2 对称性的化合物 6s 被确定为细胞毒性最小的化合物,具有显著的抗疟活性(IC50:1.30 ± 0.03 μM)。据观察,羟乙基胺和环胺(哌嗪和哌啶)的共同存在对活性至关重要。目前的研究表明,基于羟乙基胺的分子是有效的抗疟药物,可能有助于药物开发。