Solution phase combinatorial chemistry. Discovery of 13- and 15-membered polyazapyridinocyclophane libraries with antibacterial activity
摘要:
A solution phase simultaneous addition of functionalities (SPSAF) combinatorial approach was utilized to synthesize 40 polyazacyclophane libraries (total complexity of 4275). Eighteen different functionality sets, utilizing 42 functionalities, were designed to disrupt RNA-protein interactions. Guanidine functionality sets with a greater potential to form positive charges provided the most active libraries. Differences in antibacterial activity are clearly related to different ring sizes with the more rigid 13-membered scaffold affording more active libraries compared with libraries from the 15-membered scaffold. Molecular modeling established a significant difference in the shapes of 13- and 15-membered pyridinophanes. Several libraries exhibited potent antibacterial activity. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enhancing the Intestinal Absorption of Molecules Containing the Polar Guanidino Functionality: A Double-Targeted Prodrug Approach
摘要:
A prodrug strategy was applied to guanidino-containing analogues to increase oral absorption via hPEPT1 and hVACVase. L-Valine, L-isoleucine, and L-phenylalanine esters of [3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]guanidine (3-HPG) were synthesized and evaluated for transport and activation. In HeLa/hPEPT1 cells, Val-3-HPG and Ile-3-HPG exhibited high affinity to hPEPT1 (IC50:0.65 and 0.63 mM, respectively), and all three L-amino acid esters showed higher uptake (2.6- to 9-fold) than the parent Compound 3-HPG. Val-3-HPG and Ile-3-HPG demonstrated remarkable Caco-2 permeability enhancement, and Val-3-HPG exhibited comparable permeability to valacyclovir. In rat perfusion studies, Val-3-HPG and Ile-3-HPG permeabilities were significantly higher than 3-HPG and exceeded/matched the high-permeability standard metoprolol, respectively. All the L-amino acid 3-HPG esters were effectively activated in HeLa and Caco-2 cell homogenates and were found to be good Substrates of hVACVase (k(cat)/K-m in mM(-1).s(-1): Val-3-HPG, 3370; Ile-3-HPG, 1580; Phe-3-HPG, 1660). In conclusion, it prodrug strategy is effective at increasing the intestinal permeability of polar guanidino analogues via targeting hPEPT1 for transport and hVACVase for activation.
Novel compounds designed to allow interactions with binding sites of GSK-3 and hence are capable of inhibiting GSK-3 activity, via inhibition of substrate binding are disclosed. Further disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions including same and methods of using same in the treatment of GSK-3 mediated conditions.
A Convenient and Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Protected Guanidines
作者:Zhao-Xia Guo、Andrew N. Cammidge、David C. Horwell
DOI:10.1080/00397910008087443
日期:2000.8
Aromatic, aliphatic and sterically hindered amines react smoothly with commercially available N,N'-bis-BOC-S-methylisothiourea 2 in the presence of mercury chloride to give the protected guanidine in good yield. It is particularly noteworthy that 2 can also be employed in a straightforward, two-step synthesis of monoaryl internal guanidines.
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 INHIBITORS
申请人:Tel Aviv University Future Technology Development
L.P.