Furan was deprotonated on treatment with 1/3 equiv of Bu3MgLi in THF at rt. The lithium arylmagnesate formed was either trapped with electrophiles or involved in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with 2-bromopyridine. The highly coordinated magnesate Bu4MgLi2 (1/3 equiv) proved to be a better deprotonating agent than Bu3MgLi; the monitoring of the reaction using NMR spectroscopy showed that the deprotonation of furan at rt required 2 h whereas the subsequent electrophilic trapping was instantaneous. The method was extended to benzofuran, allowing its functionalization at C2 in high yields. The deprotonation of 2-methylfuran and lithium furfurylalkoxide at C5 turned out to be difficult, requiring either long reaction times or higher temperatures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Process for the partial hydrogenation of fatty acid esters
申请人:Papadogianakis Georgios
公开号:US20100022664A1
公开(公告)日:2010-01-28
Suggested is a process for the manufacture of unsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters or glycerides having a total content of C 18:1 of about 30 to about 80 Mol-% by partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid esters having a total content of (C18:2+C18:3) of at least 65 Mol-%—calculated on the total amount of C18 moieties in the ester—which is characterised in that the hydrogenation is conducted in an aqueous/organic two phase system in the presence of a water soluble catalyst consisting of a Group VIII metal and a hydrophilic ligand.