Vacuum Gas/Solid<i>N</i>-Chlorination: Preparative Scale Synthesis of Volatile<i>N</i>-Chloramines
作者:J. C. Guillemin、J. M. Denis
DOI:10.1055/s-1985-31450
日期:——
A simple method for the preparative scale synthesis of volatile chloramines free from impurities starting from the corresponding primary or secondary amine using N-chlorosuccinimide as chlorinating agent is described.
Structural and Conformational Studies of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dichloroethanamine and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dichloro-2-propanamine by Gas Electron Diffraction Combined with ab Initio Calculations
The molecular structure and conformation of N,N-dichloroethanamine (EtNCl2, NDCEA) and N,N-dichloro-2-propanamine (i-PrNCl2, NDCPA) were studied by gaselectrondiffraction. The optimized structures and the force constants obtained by MP2/6-31G** abinitio calculations were used in the analyses. The force constants were scaled to reproduce the vibrational wavenumbers of the gas-phase infrared spectra
Methods for the synthesis of the l—boraadamantane compounds, their reactions with carbonyl compounds, aromatic nitriles, nitrogenous and phosphorous ylides, as well as protolysis, halogenation, carbonylation, and amination of the 1—bora— adamantane derivatives are described. An application of l—boraadamantane to organic synthesis is considered, including the preparation of the adamantane, homoadamantane
Humanitarian assistance and conflict management: the view from the non-governmental sector
作者:Andrew Rigby
DOI:10.1111/1468-2346.00229
日期:2001.10
As part of their efforts to intervene constructively in conflict-affected regions, non-governmental agencies and associated research centres publish different types of literature intended to improve performance. This article provides an overview of this material and assesses its significance for a wider constituency of scholars and policy analysts. The literature falls into three main categories: 1) reviews of issues that agencies must address when seeking constructive modes of intervention; 2) case-studies of particular conflicts; and 3) skills-development and training materials. The great value of the literature to the broader international relations community is the richness of the empirical material presented, and the consequent insights into conflict dynamics that come from the ‘bottom-up/insider-out’ community-level perspectives.