Fibrinolysis is a natural process that ensures blood fluidity through the removal of fibrin deposits. However, excessive fibrinolytic activity can lead to complications in different circumstances, such as general surgery or severe trauma. The current antifibrinolytic drugs in the market, aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA), require high doses repetitively to maintain their therapeutic effect. These high doses are related to a number of side effects such as headaches, nasal symptoms, or gastrointestinal discomfort and severely limit their use in patients with renal impairment. Therefore, the discovery of novel antifibrinolytics with a higher specificity and lower dosage could vastly improve the applicability of these drugs. Herein, we synthesized a total of ten compounds consisting of a combination of three key moieties: an oxadiazolone, a triazole, and a terminal amine. The IC50 of each compound was calculated in our clot lysis assays, and the best candidate (1) provided approximately a 2.5-fold improvement over the current gold standard, TXA. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were used to perform a structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis with the lysine binding site in the Kringle 1 domain of plasminogen. This analysis revealed that 1,2,3-triazole was crucial for the activity, enhancing the binding affinity through pi–pi stacking and polar interactions with Tyr72. The results presented in this work open the door to further investigate this new family as potential antifibrinolytic drugs.
纤溶是一种自然过程,通过消除纤维蛋白沉积物来确保血液流动性。然而,在不同情况下,如普通手术或严重创伤中,过度的纤溶活性可能导致并发症。目前市场上的抗纤溶药物,氨甲环酸(EACA)和曲马多酸(TXA),需要高剂量反复使用以维持其治疗效果。这些高剂量与头痛、鼻症状或胃肠不适等一些副作用有关,并严重限制了它们在肾功能不全患者中的使用。因此,发现具有更高特异性和更低剂量的新型抗纤溶药物可以极大地改善这些药物的适用性。在这里,我们合成了十种化合物,包括三种关键基团的组合:氧代唑酮、三唑和末端胺基。每种化合物的IC50在我们的凝血溶解试验中被计算出来,最佳候选化合物(1)相比当前的金标准TXA提供了大约2.5倍的改进。分子对接和分子动力学被用来在纤溶酶原的Kringle 1结构域的赖氨酸结合位点中进行结构-活性关系(SAR)分析。这个分析揭示了1,2,3-三唑对活性至关重要,通过pi-pi堆积和与Tyr72的极性相互作用增强了结合亲和力。本研究所提出的结果为进一步研究这种新的家族作为潜在的抗纤溶药物打开了大门。