2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone | 63965-62-8

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 蒽
• 英文名称: 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone
• 英文别名: 2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione
• CAS: 63965-62-8
• 化学式: C₁₇H₁₃BrO₄
• 分子量: 361.192
• InChiKey: PXNKUQYPPWDMFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.4
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.18
• 拓扑面积：
  52.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone 在 水 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 反应 24.0h， 以100%的产率得到2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Total Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects of Damnacanthal, Nordamnacanthal and Related Anthraquinone Analogues

  摘要：

  天然存在的蒽醌类化合物达米卡酸酮（damnacanthal, 1）和北达米卡酸酮（nordamnacanthal, 2）通过改进的反应步骤合成，并分别研究了它们对MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系的细胞毒性。中间类似物2-溴甲基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（5，IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21和8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL）、2-羟甲基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（6，IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14和14.00 ± 2.13）、2-羰基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（7，IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02和14.80 ± 0.74）、1,3-二甲氧基-2-甲基蒽醌（4，IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51和28.40 ± 2.33）、1,3-二羟基-2-甲基蒽醌（3，IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42和28.40 ± 0.79）也在MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系中表现出适度的细胞毒性。其他结构相关的化合物，如1,3-二羟基蒽醌（13a，IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35和14.50 ± 1.28）、1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（13b，IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66和5.90 ± 0.95），也表现出良好的细胞毒性。目标化合物达米卡酸酮（1）在MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系中被发现具有最高的细胞毒性，IC50值分别为3.80 ± 0.57和5.50 ± 1.26。所有化合物的结构通过详细的光谱技术得到了阐明。

  DOI：

  10.3390/molecules180810042
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Rubiadin-diacetat 在 potassium carbonate 作用下， 生成 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis of an anthraquinone derivative (DHAQC) and its effect on induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

  摘要：

  Anthraquinones are an important class of naturally occurring biologically active compounds. In this study, anthraquinone derivative 1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2- carboxylic acid (DHAQC) (2) was synthesized with 32% yield through the Friedel-Crafts condensation reaction. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of DHAQC (2) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were further investigated. Results from the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that DHAQC (2) exhibited potential cytotoxicity and selectivity in the MCF-7 cell line, comparable with the naturally occurring anthraquinone damnacanthal. DHAQC (2) showed a slightly higher IC50 (inhibitory concentration with 50% cell viability) value in the MCF-7 cell line compared to damnacanthal, but it is more selective in terms of the ratio of IC50 on MCF-7 cells and normal MCF-10A cells. (selective index for DHAQC (2) was 2.3 and 1.7 for damnacanthal). The flow cytometry cell cycle analysis on the MCF-7 cell line treated with the IC50 dose of DHAQC (2) for 48 hours showed that DHAQC (2) arrested MCF-7 cell line at the G2/M phase in association with an inhibited expression of PLK1 genes. Western blot analysis also indicated that the DHAQC (2) increased BAX, p53, and cytochrome c levels in MCF-7 cells, which subsequently activated apoptosis as observed in annexin V/propidium iodide and cell cycle analyses. These results indicate that DHAQC (2) is a synthetic, cytotoxic, and selective anthraquinone, which is less toxic than the natural product damnacanthal, and which demonstrates potential in the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.

  DOI：

  10.2147/dddt.s65468

文献信息

• Total Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects of Damnacanthal, Nordamnacanthal and Related Anthraquinone Analogues
  作者：Muhammad Akhtar、Seema Zareen、Swee Yeap、Wan Ho、Kong Lo、Aurangzeb Hasan、Noorjahan Alitheen

  DOI：10.3390/molecules180810042

  日期：——

  Naturally occurring anthraquinones, damnacanthal (1) and nordamnacanthal (2) were synthesized with modified reaction steps and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Intermediate analogues 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (5, IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21 and 8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL), 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6, IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14 and 14.00 ± 2.13), 2-formyl-1,3-dimethoxyantharquinone (7, IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02 and 14.80 ± 0.74), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (4, IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51 and 28.40 ± 2.33), and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3, IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42 and 28.40 ± 0.79) also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Other structurally related compounds like 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (13a, IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35 and 14.50 ± 1.28), 1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (13b, IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66 and 5.90 ± 0.95) were also showed good cytotoxicity. The target compound damnacanthal (1) was found to be the most cytotoxic against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.57 and 5.50 ± 1.26, respectively. The structures of all compounds were elucidated with the help of detailed spectroscopic techniques.

  天然存在的蒽醌类化合物达米卡酸酮（damnacanthal, 1）和北达米卡酸酮（nordamnacanthal, 2）通过改进的反应步骤合成，并分别研究了它们对MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系的细胞毒性。中间类似物2-溴甲基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（5，IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21和8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL）、2-羟甲基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（6，IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14和14.00 ± 2.13）、2-羰基-1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（7，IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02和14.80 ± 0.74）、1,3-二甲氧基-2-甲基蒽醌（4，IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51和28.40 ± 2.33）、1,3-二羟基-2-甲基蒽醌（3，IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42和28.40 ± 0.79）也在MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系中表现出适度的细胞毒性。其他结构相关的化合物，如1,3-二羟基蒽醌（13a，IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35和14.50 ± 1.28）、1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌（13b，IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66和5.90 ± 0.95），也表现出良好的细胞毒性。目标化合物达米卡酸酮（1）在MCF-7和K-562癌细胞系中被发现具有最高的细胞毒性，IC50值分别为3.80 ± 0.57和5.50 ± 1.26。所有化合物的结构通过详细的光谱技术得到了阐明。
• Synthesis and Polymerase-Mediated Bypass Studies of the<i>N</i>²-Deoxyguanosine DNA Damage Caused by a Lucidin Analogue
  作者：Pratibha P. Ghodke、S. Harikrishna、P. I. Pradeepkumar

  DOI：10.1021/jo502627b

  日期：2015.2.20

  tinctorum L. (madder root). It reacts with exocyclic amino groups of DNA nucleobases and forms adducts/lesions leading to carcinogenesis. To study the effect of lucidin-induced DNA damage, herein, we report the first synthesis of a structural analogue of lucidin [N2-methyl-(1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone)-deoxyguanosine, LdG] embedded DNAs utilizing phosphoramidite strategy. LdG modification in a DNA duplex imparts

  Lucidin是一种具有遗传毒性和诱变性的羟基蒽醌代谢产物，它起源于Rubia tinctorum L.（茜草根）的根。它与DNA核碱基的环外氨基反应，形成加合物/病变，导致癌变。为了研究透明素诱导的DNA损伤的影响，在这里，我们报道了利用亚磷酰胺策略合成的透明素[ N 2-甲基-（1,3-二甲氧基蒽醌）-脱氧鸟苷，LdG]嵌入的DNA的结构类似物。LDG修改在DNA双链体不稳定面授（Δ Ť米〜5℃/修改），这归因于从焓不利的贡献。使用Klenow片段（exo –）的引物延伸研究大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I证明，与未修饰位点相比，绕过LdG修饰容易出错，而且反应缓慢。芽孢杆菌片段聚合酶（Klenow片段的同源物）和LdG-DNA双链体的二元复合物的分子动力学模拟阐明了LdG病变所赋予的结构波动，以及在病变部位绕过的分子机制。总体而言，此处显示的结果表明，透明素加合物破坏了DNA结构的稳定性，并降低了DNA合成的保真度和合成能力。
• Joshi et al., Journal Of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1955, vol. 14 B, p. 87,92
  作者：Joshi et al.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Synthesis of damnacanthal, a naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinone and its analogues, and its biological evaluation against five cancer cell lines
  作者：Koushik Saha、Kok Wai Lam、Faridah Abas、A. Sazali Hamzah、Johnson Stanslas、Lim Siang Hui、Nordin H. Lajis

  DOI：10.1007/s00044-012-0197-5

  日期：2013.5

  Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, two naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinones, and their analogues were synthesized. Cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. 2-Bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone was found to display the highest activity against all cell lines with IC50 range of 2-8 mu M. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) assessment was considered to rationalise the cytotoxic effect. Bromomethyl group at position C-2 of the anthraquinone was found to be important in exerting cytotoxic activity of this class of compounds. The presence of the flanking methoxyl or hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-3 also contributes to this activity. Finally, the antioxidant effect of these compounds was evaluated. MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Antioxidant activity was measured by FTC and TBA methods. Only two anthraquinones, damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, were found to be antioxidative.
• Synthesis of an anthraquinone derivative (DHAQC) and its effect on induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cell line
  作者：Noorjahan Banu Alitheen、Swee Keong Yeap、M Nadeem Akhtar、Kian Lam Lim、Nadiah Abu、Wan Yong Ho、Seema Zareen、Kiarash Rohani、Huynh Ky、Sheau Wei Tan、Nordin Lajis

  DOI：10.2147/dddt.s65468

  日期：——

  Anthraquinones are an important class of naturally occurring biologically active compounds. In this study, anthraquinone derivative 1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2- carboxylic acid (DHAQC) (2) was synthesized with 32% yield through the Friedel-Crafts condensation reaction. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of DHAQC (2) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were further investigated. Results from the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that DHAQC (2) exhibited potential cytotoxicity and selectivity in the MCF-7 cell line, comparable with the naturally occurring anthraquinone damnacanthal. DHAQC (2) showed a slightly higher IC50 (inhibitory concentration with 50% cell viability) value in the MCF-7 cell line compared to damnacanthal, but it is more selective in terms of the ratio of IC50 on MCF-7 cells and normal MCF-10A cells. (selective index for DHAQC (2) was 2.3 and 1.7 for damnacanthal). The flow cytometry cell cycle analysis on the MCF-7 cell line treated with the IC50 dose of DHAQC (2) for 48 hours showed that DHAQC (2) arrested MCF-7 cell line at the G2/M phase in association with an inhibited expression of PLK1 genes. Western blot analysis also indicated that the DHAQC (2) increased BAX, p53, and cytochrome c levels in MCF-7 cells, which subsequently activated apoptosis as observed in annexin V/propidium iodide and cell cycle analyses. These results indicate that DHAQC (2) is a synthetic, cytotoxic, and selective anthraquinone, which is less toxic than the natural product damnacanthal, and which demonstrates potential in the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.