酰胺类化合物
酰胺类化合物是指氨或胺的氮原子上的氢被酰基取代后生成的化合物。这类化合物也可视为羧酸分子中的羟基被氨基或胺苯基取代后的产物。常见的酰胺包括甲酰胺（HCO-NH₂）、乙酰胺（CH₃-CO-NH₂）和碳酰胺（CO-(NH₂)₂）等。
在常温条件下，除了甲酰胺为液体外，其余多为晶体；低级酰胺易溶于水。这类化合物通常呈中性，在加热煮沸时会与水发生水解反应生成羧酸和氨：RCONH₂ + H₂O → RCOOH + NH₃（加热条件下）。若在水解过程中加入碱，生成的酸将变成盐，并且氨气逸出。例如，当使用氢氧化钠作为碱时，反应方程式为 RCONH₂ + NaOH → RCOONa + NH₃↑（加热条件下）。
多肽、蛋白质及尼龙6、尼龙66和尼龙1010等合成纤维均含有酰胺键。生物体内的常见酰胺有谷氨酰胺（简写为GLn或Q）和天冬酰胺（简写为Asn或N），以及它们的衍生物，这些化合物不仅是蛋白质的重要组成成分，还具有贮氮、供氮的作用，在合成嘌呤和嘧啶核苷酸中提供一部分氮。此外，它们还可以作为糖蛋白中连接蛋白质与碳水化合物的关键桥梁。
氨分子中的两个氢原子被酰基取代后形成的是酰亚胺。在酰亚胺分子中，与氮原子相连的氢可以以质子形式离去，因此该类化合物具有微弱的酸性特性。
许多酰胺类化合物在工业上有着广泛的应用价值。例如，乙酰胺（CH₃CONH₂）和二甲基甲酰胺（HCON(CH₃)₂）作为重要溶剂；乙酰苯胺作为一种合成磺胺药物的重要中间体；尿素不仅用作重要的氮肥，还是合成树脂的原料。此外，环状结构的酰胺类化合物被称为内酰胺，其中最为重要的是己内酰胺，它是合成尼龙6的关键单体之一。通过使用环己酮为原料可制备得到己内酰胺。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S)-(-)-樟脑烷酸酰胺 | 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid amide | 54200-37-2 | C10H15NO3 |
| (1R)-反式-4-[N-叔丁氧羰基-1-氨基乙基]-N-4-吡啶基-环己烷甲酰胺 | (1R)-trans-4-[N-Boc-1-aminoethyl]-N-4-pyridinyl-cyclohexanecarboxamide | 671816-04-9 | C19H29N3O3 |
| (1R)-反-N,N′-1,2-环己二基双(1,1,1-三氟甲磺酰胺) | N,N’-(1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide) | 122833-60-7 | C8H12F6N2O4S2 |
| (1R)-10-樟脑磺酰胺 | (+/-)-10-Camphorsulfonamide | 72597-34-3 | C10H17NO3S |
| (1,4’-二哌啶)-4’-甲酰胺 | [1,4']bipiperidinyl-4'-carboxylic acid amide | 39633-82-4 | C11H21N3O |
| ((1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-1-内盐-1-基)磺酰基)(叔丁氧羰基)酰胺 | (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium-1-ylsulfonyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amide | 1375958-75-0 | C11H21N3O4S |
| —— | arachidonoyl ethanolamide-d<sub>8</sub> | 924894-98-4 | C22H37NO2 |
| —— | N<sup>4</sup>,N<sup>4</sup>'-di(pyridine-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxamide | 1381886-63-0 | C24H18N4O2 |
| —— | N-{3-[4-(Diethylamino)-2-methylanilino]-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene}-2-methoxyacetamide | 153196-69-1 | C20H25N3O3 |
| —— | 2-(2-(dioctylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)-N,N-dioctylpropanamide | 1332305-98-2 | C37H74N2O3 |
| —— | trans-2-aminomethyl-1-phenyl-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide hydrochloride | 105310-47-2 | C15H22N2O*ClH |
| —— | (2-Chlorethyl)-isopropyl-(1-propyl-propin-2-yl)-amin | 921-44-8 | C11H20ClN |
| —— | N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine | 138585-02-1 | C21H22N2O5 |
| —— | 6259-27-4 | C6H4Cl2N2NaO | |
| —— | N,N-dimethyl((1r,4r)-4-(methyl(7-tosyl-7Hpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)methanesulfonamide | 1312034-36-8 | C23H31N5O4S2 |
| —— | ethiprole sulfone amide | 855999-82-5 | C13H11Cl2F3N4O3S |
| —— | benzyl N-{tris[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethoxymethyl]methyl}carbamate | 220431-66-3 | C27H41NO11 |
| —— | N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)formamide | 1353562-24-9 | C9H11NO3 |
| —— | 2-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide | 71457-14-2 | C24H33NO5 |
| —— | N-benzyl-2-[(2-chloroacetyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiophene-3-carboxamide | 851170-84-8 | C18H19ClN2O2S |
| —— | 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide | 62306-07-4 | C11H13N3O |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7aR)-8,8-dimethylhexahydro-3H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-dioxide | 94594-90-8 | C10H17NO2S |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-((S)-1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-3-methylpent-4-enoic acid | 1461641-97-3 | C10H19NO3S |
| —— | Color developing agent CD-3 | 24567-76-8 | C24H50N6O17S5 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite | 159639-78-8 | C46H63N4O9PSi |
| —— | 5-bromo-N,N-diethylpyridine-2-sulfonamide | 1315306-76-3 | C9H13BrN2O2S |
| —— | beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Sodium Salt | 20111-18-6 | C21H27N7NaO14P2 |
| —— | 4-fluoro-N-(prop-2-ynyl)benzenesulfonamide | 321707-24-8 | C9H8FNO2S |
| —— | N-(4-bromo-3-nitrophenyl)pivalamide | 1236060-57-3 | C11H13BrN2O3 |
| —— | 3-chloroacetyl-2-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinane (<i>R</i>)-2-oxide | 72578-71-3 | C7H13Cl2N2O3P |
| —— | N-((1R,3s,5S)-8-Benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isobutyramide | 376348-67-3 | C18H26N2O |
| —— | 3-[[(2R,5R)-5-(6-amino-2-fluoro-purin-9-yl)-2-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-fluoro-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-(diisopropylamino)phosphanyl]oxypropanenitrile | 1172578-46-9 | C40H46F2N7O6P |
| —— | (2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-((S)-1-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride | 1948273-03-7 | C23H32N4O3S*ClH |
| —— | N-ethyl-3-toluenesulfonamide | 8047-99-2 | C9H13NO2S |
| —— | (-)-10,2-camphorsultam | 94594-90-8 | C10H17NO2S |
| —— | N-[(1S,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)ethyl]-4-methylbenzene sulfonamide ammonium chloride ruthenium | 851051-43-9 | C30H31ClN2O2RuS |
| —— | (4R,5R)-2-butyl-N<sup>4</sup>,N<sup>4</sup>,N<sup>5</sup>,N<sup>5</sup>-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-4,5-dicarboxamide | 161344-85-0 | C12H23BN2O4 |
| —— | Prop-2-enyl 4-benzoylsulfanyl-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 141818-73-7 | C18H22N2O4S |
| —— | (Carboxymethyl)dimethyl-3-[(1-oxooctadecyl)amino]propylammonium hydroxide | 6179-44-8 | C25H52N2O4 |
| —— | Methyl sulfate;trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium | 51441-65-7 | C11H24N2O5S |
| —— | 4-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxopyrazolidin-1-yl)-N-[3-(5-sulfanylidene-2,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl]benzamide | 139307-53-2 | C19H19N7O2S |
| —— | 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxoacetamide | 157119-19-2 | C12H16N2O3 |
| —— | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylbutyramide | 883215-02-9 | C11H23NO2 |
| —— | 2-(4-Phenylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine | 69432-53-7 | C17H9Cl6N3 |
| —— | 2-Acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-carbonitril | 25306-06-3 | C5H4N4OS |
| —— | 2-(3-Cyclohexyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)benzene-1-sulfonamide | 59651-58-0 | C16H19N3O5S |
| —— | Einecs 261-853-4 | 59673-82-4 | C15H12Cl2N2O3 |
| —— | tert-Butyl L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-3-phenyl-L-alaninamidoformate | 5235-21-2 | C34H44N6O8S |
| —— | 1-Propanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[[(9Z)-1-oxo-9-octadecenyl]amino]-, inner salt | 25054-76-6 | C25H49N2O3+ |
| —— | N,N'-Ethylidenebis(2-bromoacetamide) | 4960-81-0 | C6H10Br2N2O2 |
联系我们
关注我们
公众号
